甘草(甘草)是豆科/豆科中甘草属的一种植物,是一种著名的天然草本植物,具有悠久的药用历史。甘草酸(GLY),甘草的主要活性成分,作为临床实践中广泛使用的治疗剂。GLY表现出不同的药用特性,包括消炎药,抗菌,抗病毒,抗肿瘤,免疫调节,肠道环境维护,和肝脏保护作用。然而,目前的研究主要强调GLY的抗病毒活性,同时对其抗菌性能提供有限的见解。GLY通过靶向细菌酶抑制细菌的生长,证明了广谱的抗菌活性,影响细胞膜的形成,改变膜的通透性。此外,GLY还可以通过激活相关的免疫途径来增强宿主免疫力,从而增强病原体清除。本文综述了GLY对各种病原菌引起的病理变化的抑制机制。它作为高迁移率族蛋白1抑制剂在免疫调节中的作用,及其在对抗病原菌引起的疾病方面的功效。此外,GLY与其他抗生素联合使用可降低最小抑制浓度,可能有助于临床开发针对耐药细菌的联合疗法。使用PubMed搜索信息来源,WebofScience,科学直接,和GreenMedical的关键词“甘草”,\"甘草酸\",“抗菌”,“抗炎”,\"HMGB1\",及其组合,主要来自1979年至2024年发表的文章,没有语言限制。筛选由一位作者进行,并由其他人补充。在实验设计中存在实验缺陷的论文和未达到预期的论文(抗真菌论文,等。)被排除在外。
Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) is a plant of the genus Glycyrrhiza in the family Fabaceae/Leguminosae and is a renowned natural herb with a long history of medicinal use dating back to ancient times. Glycyrrhizin (GLY), the main active component of licorice, serves as a widely utilized therapeutic agent in clinical practice. GLY exhibits diverse medicinal properties, including anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, antitumor, immunomodulatory, intestinal environment maintenance, and liver protection effects. However, current research primarily emphasizes GLY\'s antiviral activity, while providing limited insight into its antibacterial properties. GLY demonstrates a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity via inhibiting the growth of bacteria by targeting bacterial enzymes, impacting cell membrane formation, and altering membrane permeability. Moreover, GLY can also bolster host immunity by activating pertinent immune pathways, thereby enhancing pathogen clearance. This paper reviews GLY\'s inhibitory mechanisms against various pathogenic bacteria-induced pathological changes, its role as a high-mobility group box 1 inhibitor in immune regulation, and its efficacy in combating diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria. Furthermore, combining GLY with other antibiotics reduces the minimum inhibitory concentration, potentially aiding in the clinical development of combination therapies against drug-resistant bacteria. Sources of information were searched using PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, and GreenMedical for the keywords \"licorice\", \"Glycyrrhizin\", \"antibacterial\", \"anti-inflammatory\", \"HMGB1\", and combinations thereof, mainly from articles published from 1979 to 2024, with no language restrictions. Screening was carried out by one author and supplemented by others. Papers with experimental flaws in their experimental design and papers that did not meet expectations (antifungal papers, etc.) were excluded.