■泄殖腔畸形很少见,通常在女性中报道。男性中有一些分散的报道。目前尚不清楚为什么它们在男性中如此罕见,因为两性都在协商胚胎发育的这一阶段。
■本研究旨在分享我们的经验,并回顾文献中报道的男性持续泄殖腔和泄殖腔变异的所有病例。
■男性泄殖腔被定义为长度不同的单个公共通道,其前部有单独的尿道(尿道)入口,后部在其颅端有直肠入口,并有一个单独的会阴口/开口用于外部引流。我们还对泄殖腔进行了电子文献检索,持久的泄殖腔,普通的泄殖腔,泄殖腔发育不全,泄殖腔畸形,泄殖腔细胞膜发育不全,尿道直肠畸形序列,直肠会阴瘘,Sirenomelia,和尾部回归综合征。
■在消除女性的其他泄殖腔异常和持续泄殖腔后,我们发现共有22名男性在文献中报道了持续的泄殖腔或泄殖腔变异。此外,自上次报告以来,我们正在增加两个案例。
■应努力在单会阴开口的男性患者中搜索是否存在共同通道。识别异常,泄殖腔共同通道的宽度,直肠袋相对于骶骨或耻骨的位置,脊柱和骶骨的状态,肛门括约肌的性质是成功管理异常的重要信息。如果将来有关该主题的报告还包括有关泌尿和粪便功能以及节制的长期信息,那将是值得的。
UNASSIGNED: Cloacal malformations are rare and are typically reported in females. There are a few scattered reports in males. It is not clear why they are so rare in males since both sexes negotiate this stage of embryonal development.
UNASSIGNED: The present study aims to share our experience and review all the cases of persistent cloaca and cloacal variants in males reported in the literature.
UNASSIGNED: The male cloaca is defined as a single common channel of varying lengths with separate inlets for the urinary tract (urethra) anteriorly and the rectum posteriorly at its cranial end and with a solitary perineal orifice/opening for external drainage. We also carried out an electronic literature search for cloaca, persistent cloaca, common cloaca, cloacal dysgenesis, cloacal malformation, cloacal membrane agenesis, urorectal malformation sequence, rectourinary perineal fistula, sirenomelia, and caudal regression syndrome.
UNASSIGNED: After eliminating other cloacal anomalies and persistent cloaca in females, we found a total of 22 males with persistent cloaca or cloacal variant reported in the literature. In addition, we are adding two cases we have managed since our previous report.
UNASSIGNED: An effort should be made to search for the presence of the common channel in male patients with a single perineal opening. Recognition of the anomaly, width of the common cloacal channel, location of the rectal pouch with relation to the sacrum or pubis, status of the spine and sacrum, and nature of the anal sphincter are vital pieces of information to successfully manage the anomaly. It would be worthwhile if future reports on the subject also include long-term information about urinary and fecal functions and continence.