兽药是当代畜牧业和粮食生产所必需的,但是它们的残留物会滞留在从动物获得的食物中,并对人类构成危险。在这次审查中,我们的目标是突出来源,发生,人类暴露途径,食用动物产品中药物残留对人体健康的影响。在使用兽药之后,被称为药物残留的药理活性化合物可以在食品中发现,环境,或动物。它们会给人们带来重大的健康问题,包括抗生素耐药性的发展,癌症的发展,致畸作用,超敏反应,和正常肠道菌群的破坏。动物产品中的药物残留可以来源于多种来源,包括水或食物污染,标签外用药,而忽略停药期。这篇综述还研究了人类如何通过饮用水暴露于药物残留,食物,空气,和灰尘,并讨论了识别食品中这些残留物的各种分析技术。此外,我们提出了一些潜在的解决方案,以防止或减少动物产品和人类接触途径中的药物残留,例如实施提款期,监控程序,教育运动,以及对保障公众健康至关重要的新技术。这项审查强调了解决兽药残留作为重大和新兴的公共卫生威胁的紧迫性,呼吁研究人员共同努力,政策制定者,和行业利益相关者制定可持续的解决方案,以确保全球食品供应链的安全。
Veterinary medications are necessary for both contemporary animal husbandry and food production, but their residues can linger in foods obtained from animals and pose a dangerous human risk. In this review, we aim to highlight the sources, occurrence, human exposure pathways, and human health effects of drug residues in food-animal products. Following the usage of veterinary medications, pharmacologically active compounds known as drug residues can be found in food, the environment, or animals. They can cause major health concerns to people, including antibiotic resistance development, the development of cancer, teratogenic effects, hypersensitivity, and disruption of normal intestinal flora. Drug residues in animal products can originate from variety of sources, including water or food contamination, extra-label drug use, and ignoring drug withdrawal periods. This review also examines how humans can be exposed to drug residues through drinking water, food, air, and dust, and discusses various analytical techniques for identifying these residues in food. Furthermore, we suggest some potential solutions to prevent or reduce drug residues in animal products and human exposure pathways, such as implementing withdrawal periods, monitoring programs, education campaigns, and new technologies that are crucial for safeguarding public health. This review underscores the urgency of addressing veterinary drug residues as a significant and emerging public health threat, calling for collaborative efforts from researchers, policymakers, and industry stakeholders to develop sustainable solutions that ensure the safety of the global food supply chain.