背景:氯己定(CHX)与次氯酸钠(NaOCl)和草药冲洗剂(例如印em和tulsi)相互作用,形成含有对氯苯胺(PCA)的沉淀物。迄今为止,尚无研究报道这种组合以及灌溉物中存在的金属元素。
目的:本研究的目的是评估不同灌溉剂组合形成的沉淀物,称量形成的沉淀物的量,分析每种冲洗液中35种不同的金属元素,在PCA中也形成了沉淀物。
方法:七种灌溉,即2%CHX葡萄糖酸盐,3%NaOCl,17%乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA),5%印尼姆,5%tulsi,5%芦荟,和5%的大蒜在不同的试管中。组(1-6):将1ml的CHX与1ml的3%NaOCl/17%EDTA/5%neem/5%tulsi/5%A.vera/5%大蒜混合。组(7-11):将1ml的3%NaOCl与1ml的17%EDTA/5%neem/5%tulsi/5%A.vera/5%大蒜混合。组(12-15):将1ml的17%的EDTA与1ml的5%的印em/5%的tulsi/5%的A.vera/5%的大蒜混合。组(16-18):将1ml的5%的印em与1ml的5%tulsi/5%A.vera/5%大蒜混合。组(19和20):将1ml的5%tulsi与5%A.vera/5%大蒜混合。第21组包括1ml的5%A.vera和5%大蒜。观察每组的任何沉淀形成,并且将形成的沉淀物称重。样品如2%CHX葡萄糖酸盐,3%NaOCl,17%EDTA,5%印尼姆,5%tulsi,5%A.vera,PCA,使用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)分析每组中形成的沉淀物中的35种不同的金属元素。
方法:对形成的沉淀物进行单向方差分析和事后Tukey测试。
结果:在CHX+NaOCl(红棕色)中观察到沉淀形成,CHX+EDTA(白色),CHX+neem(浅绿色),CHX+A.vera(绿色),CHX+tulsi(深绿色),CHX+大蒜(米色)。ICP-MS分析显示,NaOCl中存在国际癌症研究机构第1组致癌物,CHX,EDTA,和PCA。
结论:在草药灌洗剂中未检测到致癌金属,在不久的将来被发现是无风险的替代品。
BACKGROUND: Chlorhexidine (CHX) interacts with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and herbal irrigants such as neem and tulsi to form precipitate which contains para-chloroaniline (PCA). No studies till date have reported about metal elements present in this combination as well as in irrigants.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the precipitate formed on combination of different irrigants, weigh the amount of precipitate formed, and to analyze 35 different metal elements in each irrigant, precipitate formed as well as in PCA.
METHODS: Seven irrigants, namely 2% CHX gluconate, 3% NaOCl, 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), 5% neem, 5% tulsi, 5% Aloe vera, and 5% garlic were taken in different test tubes. Group (1-6): 1 ml of CHX is mixed with 1 ml of 3% NaOCl/17% EDTA/5% neem/5% tulsi/5% A. vera/5% garlic. Group (7-11): 1 ml of 3% NaOCl is mixed with 1 ml of 17% EDTA/5% neem/5% tulsi/5% A. vera/5% garlic. Group (12-15): 1 ml of 17% EDTA is mixed with 1 ml of 5% neem/5% tulsi/5% A. vera/5% garlic. Group (16-18): 1 ml of 5% neem is mixed with 1 ml of 5% tulsi/5% A. vera/5% garlic. Group (19 and 20): 1 ml of 5% tulsi is mixed with 5% A. vera/5% garlic. Group 21 includes 1 ml of 5% A. vera and 5% garlic. Each group is observed for any precipitate formation, and precipitate formed was weighed. Samples such as 2% CHX gluconate, 3% NaOCl, 17% EDTA, 5% neem, 5% tulsi, 5% A. vera, PCA, and precipitate formed in each group were analyzed for 35 different metal elements using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).
METHODS: One-way ANOVA and Post hoc Tukey\'s test for the precipitate formed.
RESULTS: Precipitate formation was seen in CHX + NaOCl (reddish-brown), CHX + EDTA (white), CHX + neem (light green), CHX + A. vera (green), CHX + tulsi (dark green), CHX + garlic (beige). ICP-MS analysis showed the presence of International Agency for Research on Cancer Group 1 carcinogens in NaOCl, CHX, EDTA, and PCA.
CONCLUSIONS: Carcinogenic metals are undetected in herbal irrigants which is found to be risk free alternatives in near future.