化感作用是通过合成和释放被称为化感物质的植物或微生物来源的生物活性化合物来竞争和干扰其他植物或微生物生长的自然现象。这是化学生态学的一个子学科,涉及植物或微生物产生的生物活性化合物对生长的影响,其他植物和微生物在自然群落或农业系统中的发展和分布。化感化学物质对一种植物有直接或间接的有害影响,特别是在发展方面,生存能力,增长,以及通过释放到环境中的化学抑制剂的生产来繁殖物种。利用化感植物对植物生长和发育的刺激/抑制作用,同时避免化感自毒作用的栽培系统对于长期农业发展至关重要。化感作用是定义植物关系的一个要素,涉及杂草管理,作物保护,微生物接触。此外,在森林生态系统中也报道了化感现象;然而,它的存在取决于森林类型和周围环境。在本文中,解决的主要方面是(1)关于化感作用对农业生态系统的影响的文献综述和研究空白的基础,(2)化学、生理,和化感作用的生态机制,(3)遗传操作,植物防御,经济效益,命运,化感作用的前景和挑战。本文的文献搜索和巩固工作将为未来研究化感作用相互作用在各种生态系统中的潜在应用铺平道路。
Allelopathy is a natural phenomenon of competing and interfering with other plants or microbial growth by synthesizing and releasing the bioactive compounds of plant or microbial origin known as
allelochemicals. This is a sub-discipline of chemical ecology concerned with the effects of bioactive compounds produced by plants or microorganisms on the growth, development and distribution of other plants and microorganisms in natural communities or agricultural systems.
Allelochemicals have a direct or indirect harmful effect on one plant by others, especially on the development, survivability, growth, and reproduction of species through the production of chemical inhibitors released into the environment. Cultivation systems that take advantage of allelopathic plants\' stimulatory/inhibitory effects on plant growth and development while avoiding allelopathic autotoxicity is critical for long-term agricultural development. Allelopathy is one element that defines plant relationships and is involved in weed management, crop protection, and microbial contact. Besides, the allelopathic phenomenon has also been reported in the forest ecosystem; however, its presence depends on the forest type and the surrounding environment. In the present article, major aspects addressed are (1) literature review on the impacts of allelopathy in agroecosystems and underpinning the research gaps, (2) chemical, physiological, and ecological mechanisms of allelopathy, (3) genetic manipulations, plant defense, economic benefits, fate, prospects and challenges of allelopathy. The literature search and consolidation efforts in this article shall pave the way for future research on the potential application of allelopathic interactions across various ecosystems.