不断增长的人口,粮食需求,废物管理问题,寻找塑料聚合物的可持续替代品已经导致研究人员探索废物材料的潜力。本研究集中在松子废料加工中,本文将其称为松子皮。第一次,它的营养概况,潜在的生物活性肽,污染物,并对形态结构进行了评估。松果皮主要由碳水化合物(56.2%)和纤维(27.5%)组成。脂肪(9.8%)约为45%,35%,20%饱和,单不饱和,和多不饱和脂肪酸,分别,检测到Omega-9、-6和-3。值得注意的是,油酸,以其健康益处而闻名,大量发现,类似于它在松子油中的存在。生物活性化合物如二十碳五烯酸(EPA)和植物甾醇的存在进一步增加了其营养价值。报告了一些基本要素,而大多数污染物,如重金属,多环芳烃,稀土元素,农药低于定量限。此外,计算机分析显示生物活性化合物的潜在前体肽的发生,表明促进健康的属性。最后,通过傅里叶变换红外和固态核磁共振光谱对松子皮的形态结构进行表征,如木质素,纤维素,和半纤维素.通过热重分析监测松子皮的热稳定性,并通过扫描电子显微镜和体积氮吸附分析了被膜的表面。此信息提供了松子皮作为生物复合材料填充材料的潜在用途的更全面视图。对食物链副产品的全面表征对于更适当地重复使用至关重要。
The increasing population, food demand, waste management concerns, and the search for sustainable alternatives to plastic polymers have led researchers to explore the potential of waste materials. This study focused on a waste of pine nut processing referred to in this paper as pine nut skin. For the first time, its nutritional profile, potential bioactive peptide, contaminants, and morphological structure were assessed. Pine nut skin was composed mainly of carbohydrates (56.2%) and fiber (27.5%). The fat (9.8%) was about 45%, 35%, and 20% saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acid, respectively, and Omega-9,-6, and -3 were detected. Notably, oleic acid, known for its health benefits, was found in significant quantities, resembling its presence in pine nut oil. The presence of bioactive compounds such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and phytosterols further adds to its nutritional value. Some essential elements were reported, whereas most of the contaminants such as heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, rare earth elements, and pesticides were below the limit of quantification. Furthermore, the in silico analysis showed the occurrence of potential precursor peptides of bioactive compounds, indicating health-promoting attributes. Lastly, the morphological structural characterization of the pine nut skin was followed by Fourier Transform Infrared and solid-state NMR spectroscopy to identify the major components, such as lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose. The thermostability of the pine nut skin was monitored via thermogravimetric analysis, and the surface of the integument was analyzed via scanning electron microscopy and volumetric nitrogen adsorption. This information provides a more comprehensive view of the potential uses of pine nut skin as a filler material for biocomposite materials. A full characterization of the by-products of the food chain is essential for their more appropriate reuse.