地中海饮食(MD)是一种健康的饮食模式,可以预防与年龄有关的慢性疾病,尤其是年龄相关的眼病(AREDs),包括白内障,青光眼,年龄相关性黄斑变性(AMD),糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)和干眼综合征(DES)。在这项研究中,我们系统回顾了文献中报道的MD依从性与上述5个ARED之间存在关联的研究.纳入随机对照试验以及前瞻性和回顾性观察性研究;确定了1164项研究,其中1、2、9、2和4项研究符合我们的白内障资格标准,青光眼,AMD,DR,DES,分别。根据这些研究,较高的MD依从性与DR事件风险降低相关,事件AMD和进展到晚期AMD,但早期和新生血管性AMD能否缓解仍有待争论.关于MD对DES的影响的结果是混合的,有三项研究报告MD与DES的严重程度或发生率降低之间存在关联,而一项研究报告相反。在MD和白内障或青光眼之间没有观察到显著的关联。一般来说,令人信服的证据表明,MD对AMD和DR有保护作用。然而,白内障的证据,青光眼,DES不太确定,需要高质量的研究来全面评估MD对这些眼病的潜在益处.
The Mediterranean diet (MD) is a healthy diet pattern that can prevent chronic age-related diseases, especially age-related eye diseases (AREDs) including cataract, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy (DR) and dry eye syndrome (DES). In this study, we systematically reviewed studies in the literature that had reported associations between adherence to the MD and the five above-mentioned AREDs. Randomized controlled trials as well as prospective and retrospective observational studies were included; 1164 studies were identified, of which 1, 2, 9, 2 and 4 studies met our eligibility criteria for cataract, glaucoma, AMD, DR, and DES, respectively. According to these studies, higher MD adherence was associated with reduced risks of incident DR, incident AMD and progression to late AMD, but whether early and neovascular AMD could be alleviated remained to be debated. The results regarding the effects of the MD on DES were mixed, with three studies reporting an associations between MD and decreased severity or incidence of DES, whereas one study reported the opposite. No significant associations were observed between the MD and cataract or glaucoma. Generally, convincing evidence suggested a protective effect of the MD against AMD and DR. However, the evidence for cataract, glaucoma, and DES was less conclusive, and high-quality studies are needed for comprehensive evaluations of the potential benefits of MD on these eye diseases.