随着中国大陆人口老龄化的加剧,视力损害(VI)和与年龄相关的眼病的患病率急剧增加。然而,关于中国大陆眼科流行病学研究进展的全面证据有限,以提高我们对预防眼病的认识,从而为公共卫生政策提供信息。这里,我们对1946年1月1日至2021年10月20日中国大陆VI和年龄相关性眼病的人群流行病学进行了文献综述.未应用语言限制。VI和与年龄有关的眼病的流行存在显着的人口统计学和地理差异。已知有几个因素与VI和年龄相关的眼部疾病相关,包括年龄,性别,家族史,生活方式,生物因素,和环境暴露;然而,与遗传易感性有关的证据仍不清楚。此外,眼后段疾病,包括年龄相关性黄斑变性和糖尿病视网膜病变,是导致中国老年人不可逆性视力障碍的主要原因之一。预防仍然存在很大差距,只有少数人在与年龄有关的眼病方面表现出意识并实现了最佳医疗护理。需要克服多重挑战和障碍,包括中国人口的加速老龄化,许多欠发达地区缺乏结构化护理,以及获得护理的机会不平等。尽管迄今为止取得了进展,在中国大陆,根据单一方案进行的基于多中心人群的研究很少,这些发现有望为政府决策提供有价值的线索,并有助于解决和制止VI和与年龄有关的眼病在中国的发病率。
The prevalence of visual impairment (VI) and age-related eye diseases has increased dramatically with the growing aging population in mainland
China. However, there is limited comprehensive evidence on the progress of ophthalmic epidemiological research in mainland
China to enhance our awareness of the prevention of eye diseases to inform public health policy. Here, we conducted a literature review of the population-based epidemiology of VI and age-related eye diseases in mainland
China from the 1st of January 1946 to the 20th of October 2021. No language restrictions were applied. There was significant demographic and geographic variation in the epidemic of VI and age-related eye diseases. There are several factors known to be correlated to VI and age-related eye diseases, including age, gender, family history, lifestyle, biological factors, and environmental exposures; however, evidence relating to genetic predisposition remains unclear. In addition, posterior segment eye diseases, including age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy, are amongst the major causes of irreversible visual impairments in the senile Chinese population. There remains a significant prevention gap, with only a few individuals showing awareness and achieving optimal medical care with regards to age-related eye diseases. Multiple challenges and obstacles need to be overcome, including the accelerated aging of the Chinese population, the lack of structured care delivery in many underdeveloped regions, and unequal access to care. Despite the progress to date, there are few well-conducted multi-center population-based studies following a single protocol in mainland
China, which findings can hopefully provide valuable cues for governmental decision-making and assist in addressing and halting the incidence of VI and age-related eye diseases in
China.