Ceramic based on zirconium dioxide (ZD) is a modern, durable material for the manufacture of dentures. It is known that ZD is not etched as glass-ceramic, making it difficult to prepare this material before fixing.
OBJECTIVE: To study the impact of various methods of surface treatment of ZD-based ceramic on adhesive strength.
METHODS: Sandblasting with Al2O3 particles sized 50 μm and application of primers with 10-MDP phosphate monomer were used. Adhesive strength values for following 4 groups of samples were obtained: 1st group - RelyX U200 + sandblasting + Compofix new primer (n=9); 2nd group - Compofix + sandblasting + Compofix new primer (n=9); 3rd group - Panavia F 2.0 + sandblasting (n=9); 4th group (control) - Variolink Esthetic DC + sandblasting + Monobond Plus primer (n=9).
RESULTS: The highest strength of adhesion was in the 4th group - 48.71±5.71MPa, the smallest in the 3rd group - 9.49±35.24 MPa. Fully domestic components used in the 2nd group allowed to obtain values of 42.50±9.79 MPa. Adhesive strength in the 1st group was 34.11±4.78 MPa.
CONCLUSIONS: The absence of the 10-MDP-based primers application in the preparation of ZD ceramic reduces the adhesive strength between resin cement and its surface. The domestic set for fixation of dentures can be effectively used for ZD on the same basis as European analogue.
Керамика на основе диоксида циркония (ДЦ) является современным, прочным материалом для изготовления зубных протезов. Известно, что ДЦ не поддается травлению как стеклокерамика, что создает трудности для его подготовки перед фиксацией.
UNASSIGNED: Изучить влияние различных методов подготовки поверхности ДЦ керамики на прочность адгезии.
UNASSIGNED: Использовалась пескоструйная обработка Al2O3 с размером частиц 50 мкм и нанесение праймеров на основе фосфатного мономера 10-MDP. Получены значения прочности адгезии для 4 групп образцов: 1-я группа — RelyX U200 + пескоструйная обработка + новый праймер Компофикс (n=9); 2-я группа — Компофикс + пескоструйная обработка + новый праймер Компофикс (n=9); 3-я группа — Panavia F 2.0 + пескоструйная обработка (n=9); 4-я группа (контроль) — Variolink Esthetic DC + пескоструйная обработка + праймер Monobond Plus (n=9).
UNASSIGNED: Наиболее высокая адгезионная прочность была в 4-й группе — 48,71±5,71 МПа, наименьшая — в 3-й группе, равная 9,49±35,24 МПа. Полностью отечественные компоненты, использованные во 2-й группе, позволили получить значения 42,50±9,79 МПа. Прочность адгезии в 1-й группе — 34,11±4,78 МПа.
UNASSIGNED: Отсутствие применения праймеров на основе 10-MDP при подготовке ДЦ керамики снижает адгезионную прочность между полимерным цементом и ее поверхностью. Отечественный комплект для фиксации зубных протезов может быть эффективно использован для ДЦ наравне с европейским аналогом.

The pull-out method was used to study the adhesive strength τ of \"fiber-thermoset\" systems with wide variations in area. Studied binders were based on resins that had different chemical natures (epoxy, epoxy phenol, orthophthalic, polyphenylsiloxane, and phenol-formaldehyde). Shear adhesive strength was determined for systems with two fiber types (glass and steel fibers). It was shown that strength τ depended on scale (area). Formation of τ occurred during the curing process and the system\'s subsequent cooling to the measurement temperature T. It was found that interface strength depended on measurement temperature across a wide temperature range that covered the highly elastic and the glassy state of the adhesive. The influence of residual stresses τres, acting at the \"binder-fiber\" interface, on the nature of the curves describing the dependence of the adhesive strength on the studied factor was experimentally shown. A qualitative explanation of the observed regularities is proposed.

In reported experiments, a steel indenter was pressed into a soft elastomer layer under varying inclination angles and subsequently was detached under various inclination angles too. The processes of indentation and detachment were recorded with a video camera, and the time dependences of the normal and tangential components of the contact force and the contact area, as well as the average contact pressure and average tangential stresses, were measured as functions of the inclination angle. Based on experimental results, a simple theoretical model of the indentation process is proposed, in which tangential and normal contacts are considered independently. Both experimental and theoretical results show that at small indentation angles (when the direction of motion is close to tangential), a mode with elastomer slippage relative to the indenter is observed, which leads to complex dynamic processes-the rearrangement of the contact boundary and the propagation of elastic waves (similar to Schallamach waves). If the angle is close to the normal angle, there is no slipping in the contact plane during the entire indentation (detachment) phase.

The skin secretion of Andrias davidianus (SSAD) is a novel biological adhesive raw material under development. This material exhibits robust adhesion while maintaining the flexibility of the wound. It also has the potential for large-scale production, making it promising for practical application explore. Hence, in-depth research on methods to fine-tune SSAD properties is of great importance to promote its practical applications. Herein, we aim to enhance the adhesive and healing properties of SSAD by incorporating functional components. To achieve this goal, we selected 3,4-dihydroxy-l-phenylalanine and vaccarin as the functional components and mixed them with SSAD, resulting in a new bioadhesive, namely, a formulation termed \"enhanced SSAD\" (ESSAD). We found that the ESSAD exhibited superior adhesive properties, and its adhesive strength was improved compared with the SSAD. Moreover, ESSAD demonstrated a remarkable ability to promote wound healing. This study presents an SSAD-based bioadhesive formulation with enhanced properties, affirming the feasibility of developing SSAD-based adhesive materials with excellent performance and providing new evidence for the application of SSAD. This study also aims to show that SSAD can be mixed with other substances, and addition of effective components to SSAD can be studied to further adjust or improve its performance.

The use of alternative raw materials, such as agricultural biomass and by-products, in particleboard (PB) production is a viable approach to address the growing global demand for sustainable wood-based materials. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the type of hardener and tannin-glyoxal (TG) adhesive formulation on the cohesion and adhesion performance of TG adhesives for areca-based PB. Two types of hardeners were used, NH4Cl and NaOH, and three adhesive formulations with tannin:glyoxal ratios (i.e., F1 (1:2), F2 (1:1), and F3 (2:1)) were applied to improve the cohesion performance and adhesion for areca-based TG adhesive for PB. The basic, chemical, and mechanical properties of the TG adhesive were investigated using a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, rotational rheometer, dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA), and X-ray diffractometer. The results show that a high glyoxal percentage increases the percentage of crystallinity in the adhesive. This shows that the increase in glyoxal is able to form better polymer bonds. DMA analysis shows that the adhesive is elastic and the use of NH4Cl hardener has better mechanical properties in thermodynamic changes than the adhesive using NaOH hardener. Finally, the adhesion performance of the TG adhesives on various types of hardeners and adhesive formulations was evaluated on areca-based PB panels. Regardless of the type of hardener, the TG adhesive made with F1 had better cohesion and adhesion properties compared to F2 and F3. Combining F1 with NH4Cl produced areca-based PB panels with better physical and mechanical qualities than the adhesive formulations F2 and F3, and complied with Type 8 particleboard according to SNI 03-2105-2006 standard.

The aim of this study was to develop a method to quantify the peel force in an in vitro model simulating repair of ascending aortic dissections with tissue glue (Bioglue).
This study adapted an adhesive T-Peel test for the determination of the peel strength of adhesives by measuring the peeling force of a T-shaped bonded tissue. Measurements were performed on iatrogenic dissected ascending porcine aorta, which has been repaired with Bioglue using different pressure levels. Four conditions were tested: zero sample pressure according to the manufacturer\'s recommendation (n = 10), low (504 Pa; n = 11), moderate pressure (1711 Pa; n = 24) and pressure applied by a round shaped vascular \'Borst clamp\' (1764 Pa; n = 23). Non-parametric one-way analysis of variance was applied for statistical significance.
The median peel force (lower quartile, upper quartile) of aortic samples increased depending on the applied pressure: [no pressure 0.030 N/mm (0.016, 0.057), low pressure 0.040 N/mm (0.032, 0.070) and moderate pressure 0.214 N/mm (0.050, 0.304)]. Samples pressurized with the Borst clamp reached 0.078 N/mm (0.046, 0.152), which was comparable to the peel force of the unpeeled controls [0.107 N/mm (0.087, 0.124)]. Compared to samples without pressure, Bioglue with the application of the Borst clamp (P = 0.021) and with moderate pressure (P = 0.0007) performed significantly better.
The novel T-Peel test offers an attractive method to test tissue glues in defined in vitro environments. Bioglue peel force increased with pressure on the aortic sample in contrast to low or no pressure as per the manufacturer\'s recommendation. Modifying current recommended use may aid in increasing effectiveness of this approach.

The method of micro-arc oxidation has been utilized to synthesize a protective biocompatible coating for a bioresorbable orthopedic Mg implant. This paper presents the results of comprehensive research of micro-arc coatings based on diatomite-a biogenic material consisting of shells of diatom microalgae. The main focus of this study was the functionalization of diatomite-based micro-arc coatings by incorporating particles of titania (TiO2) into them. Various properties of the resulting coatings were examined and evaluated. XRD analysis revealed the formation of a new magnesium orthosilicate phase-forsterite (Mg2SiO4). It was established that the corrosion current density of the coatings decreased by 1-2 orders of magnitude after the inclusion of TiO2 particles, depending on the coating process voltage. The adhesion strength of the coatings increased following the particle incorporation. The processes of dissolution of both coated and uncoated samples in a sodium chloride solution were studied. The in vitro cell viability was assessed, which showed that the coatings significantly reduced the cytotoxicity of Mg samples.

Low adhesion limits the application of the conformal metal coating based on metal-organic complexing deposition (MOD) ink in electromagnetic interference shielding with an ultrathin thickness and excellent electromagnetic shielding performance. Here, the mussel-inspired polydopamine (PDA) coating with double-sided adhesive characteristic was used to modify the substrate surface, and a high-adhesion silver film was prepared by spin-coating MOD ink on the PDA-modified substrate. The surface chemical bond of the deposited PDA coating was found to change with the exposure time under air in this work, and three post-treatment methods were carried out on the PDA coatings, including exposure to air for 1 min, exposure to air for a day, and oven heat treatment. The influences of such three post-treatment methods of PDA coating on the structure of the substrate surface, the silver film adhesion property, the electrical property, and the electromagnetic shielding property were studied. The adhesion of the silver film was effectively enhanced up to 20.45 MPa by controlling the post-treatment method of the PDA coating. The PDA coating was found to increase the sheet resistance of the silver film and to absorb electromagnetic waves. By optimizing the deposition time and the post-treatment condition of the PDA coating, superior electromagnetic shielding effectiveness up to 51.18 dB was obtained with a thin silver film of 0.42 μm. The introduction of the PDA coating improves the applicability of the MOD silver ink in the field of conformal electromagnetic shielding.

Investigations of historical conservation materials on historical stained glass windows of the Naumburg Cathedral in Germany offered an opportunity for the study of polymers, naturally aged in a non-controlled environment. This allowed the conservation history of the cathedral to be traced and expanded by valuable insights. The historical materials were characterized through the use of spectroscopy (FTIR, Raman), thermal analysis, PY-GC/MS, and SEC on taken samples. The analyses show that acrylate resins were predominantly used for conservation. The lamination material from the 1940s is particularly noteworthy. Epoxy resins were also identified in isolated cases. Artificial aging was used to investigate the influence of environmental influences on the properties of the identified materials. Through a multi-stage aging program, influences of UV radiation, high temperatures and high humidity can be considered in isolation. Piaflex F20, Epilox, Paraloid B72 as a modern material and combinations of Paraloid B72/diisobutyl phthalate and PMA/diisobutyl phthalate were investigated. The parameters yellowing, FTIR spectra, Raman spectra, molecular mass and conformation, glass transition temperature, thermal behavior, and adhesive strength on glass were determined. The effects of the environmental parameters on the investigated materials are differentiated. UV and extreme temperatures tend to show a stronger influence than humidity. The comparison of the artificially aged samples with the naturally aged samples from the cathedral shows that the latter were less aged. Recommendations for the conservation of the historical stained glass windows were derived from the results of the investigation.

The protozoa, Toxoplasma gondii and Plasmodium spp., are preeminent members of the Apicomplexa parasitic phylum in large part due to their public health and economic impact. Hence, they serve as model unicellular eukaryotes with which to explore the repertoire of molecular and cellular strategies that specific developmental morphotypes deploy to timely adjust to their host(s) in order to perpetuate. In particular, host tissue- and cell-invasive morphotypes termed zoites alternate extracellular and intracellular lifestyles, thereby sensing and reacting to a wealth of host-derived biomechanical cues over their partnership. In the recent years, biophysical tools especially related to real time force measurement have been introduced, teaching us how creative are these microbes to shape a unique motility system that powers fast gliding through a variety of extracellular matrices, across cellular barriers, in vascular systems or into host cells. Equally performant was this toolkit to start illuminating how parasites manipulate their hosting cell adhesive and rheological properties to their advantage. In this review, besides highlighting major discoveries along the way, we discuss the most promising development, synergy, and multimodal integration in active noninvasive force microscopy methods. These should in the near future unlock current limitations and allow capturing, from molecules to tissues, the many biomechanical and biophysical interplays over the dynamic host and microbe partnership.