C3G是Rap1GEF,在血小板介导的过程中发挥关键作用,如血管生成,肿瘤生长,通过调节血小板分泌组来进行转移。这里,我们探讨了C3G控制血小板分泌的机制。为此,我们利用了动物模型,其特征是血小板中C3G的过表达或缺失,以及表达C3G突变体的PC12细胞克隆。我们发现C3G通过PKCδ特异性调节α-颗粒的分泌,但不影响δ颗粒或溶酶体。C3G通过依赖GEF的机制激活了RalA,促进囊泡对接,在干扰反式-SNARE复合物形成的同时,从而限制囊泡融合。此外,C3G通过增强经由Src和Rac1-Arp2/3途径的肌动蛋白聚合,促进血小板在特定底物上铺展过程中的层状足的形成,但不是Rap1。因此,血小板中的C3G缺失有利于接吻和运行胞吐作用。C3G还控制了PC12细胞中的颗粒分泌,包括孔隙形成。此外,缺乏C3G的血小板显示磷脂酰丝氨酸暴露减少,导致凝血酶生成减少,伴随着有缺陷的肌动蛋白聚合和扩散,导致凝块回缩受损。总之,血小板C3G发挥双重作用,通过促进外向内信号传导促进血小板扩散和凝块收缩,同时通过限制颗粒融合下调α-颗粒分泌。
C3G is a Rap1 GEF that plays a pivotal role in platelet-mediated processes such as angiogenesis, tumor growth, and metastasis by modulating the platelet secretome. Here, we explore the mechanisms through which C3G governs platelet secretion. For this, we utilized animal models featuring either overexpression or deletion of C3G in platelets, as well as PC12 cell clones expressing C3G mutants. We found that C3G specifically regulates α-granule secretion via PKCδ, but it does not affect δ-granules or lysosomes. C3G activated RalA through a GEF-dependent mechanism, facilitating vesicle docking, while interfering with the formation of the trans-SNARE complex, thereby restricting vesicle fusion. Furthermore, C3G promotes the formation of lamellipodia during platelet spreading on specific substrates by enhancing actin polymerization via Src and Rac1-Arp2/3 pathways, but not Rap1. Consequently, C3G deletion in platelets favored kiss-and-run exocytosis. C3G also controlled granule secretion in PC12 cells, including pore formation. Additionally, C3G-deficient platelets exhibited reduced phosphatidylserine exposure, resulting in decreased thrombin generation, which along with defective actin polymerization and spreading, led to impaired clot retraction. In summary, platelet C3G plays a dual role by facilitating platelet spreading and clot retraction through the promotion of outside-in signaling while concurrently downregulating α-granule secretion by restricting granule fusion.