UNASSIGNED: Andaliman fruit is used as spice in Batak cuisine, North Sumatera, Indonesia. The potency of andaliman fruit extract as herbal medicine is widely studied. Many studies elaborate the benefits of andaliman fruit extract as an antioxidant, antibacterial or anticancer.
UNASSIGNED: The aim of this study was to identify the phytochemical compounds of andaliman fruit extract and its fractions.
UNASSIGNED: The andaliman fruit was originated from Balige city, Tobasa Regency, North Sumatera. The extract was made by maceration within ethanol and followed by fractionation with n-hexan, ethyl acetate and water. The phytochemical screening by chemical reactions, thin layer chromatography, and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer were performed.
UNASSIGNED: This study found andaliman fruit ethanol extract consists of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, tannins, triterpens, and steroids. The n-hexan fraction consists of triterpens and steroids, ethyl acetate fraction consists of flavonoids and glycosides, and water fraction consists of alkaloid, flavonoid, and glycosides. Andaliman fruit ethanol extract had eight color spots, n-hexan and ethyl acetate fraction had five color spots and water fraction had two color spots. Andaliman fruit ethanol extract had functional group of C-H alkanes, =C-H alkenes (aliphatic), O-H, C=C alkenes, C=C aromatics, C≡C alkynes, C-O, C=O, and NO2. The n-hexan fraction had C-H alkanes, =C-H alkenes (aliphatic), O-H, C=C alkenes, C-O, C=O, and NO2. The ethyl acetate fraction had C-H alkanes, =C-H alkenes (aliphatic), O-H, C=C alkenes, C=C aromatics, C-O, C=O, and NO2. The water fraction had C-H alkanes, =C-H alkenes (aliphatic), O-H, C=C aromatics, C≡C alkynes, and C-O.
UNASSIGNED: Phytochemical screening found that andaliman fruit ethanol extract, n-hexan, ethyl acetate and water fraction positive of phytochemical compounds. The FTIR of andaliman fruit ethanol extract, n-hexan fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, and water fraction showed the absorbance of C-H alkanes, O-H, C-O, and C=C alkenes indicating the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, and triterpenoid saponin.

This study was aimed to investigate the chemical composition and biological activities of leaf and stem essential oils of Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC. from Vietnam. Their chemical composition was analyzed by GC/MS. Antimicrobial activities were evaluated by microdilution broth assay. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by the ability to inhibit nitric oxide production in macrophage cells. Cytotoxic activity was evaluated using the sulforhodamine B assay on three human cancer cell lines. Forty-four compounds were identified in the leaf oil, among which dehydroaromadendrane (23.4 %), (E)-carpacin (17.6 %), 2-tridecanone (12.2 %), and 9-methyl-2-decanone (11.8 %) were the most abundant. The stem oil contained fifty-five identified constituents, mainly γ-gurjunene (51.1 %) and butyl acetate (11.8 %). Both oils exhibited inhibitory effects on three bacterial strains, namely S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa and a fungal strain C. albican, while showed insignificant effects on B. subtilis, L. fermentum, and S. enterica. Both oils showed weak NO production inhibition in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells, but exhibited potent cytotoxic activity against all three tested cell lines SK-LU-1, MCF-7, and HepG2 with the IC50 values ranging from 16.03±0.77 to 35.60±1.62 μg/mL. This is the first report on the antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities of essential oils from the leaves and stems of Z. acanthopodium.

<b>Background and Objective:</b> Natural herbs and molecular therapy can be used to treat cervical cancer. The Myc and Wee1 control tumour cell fate and microenvironmental changes like angiogenesis activation and host immune response suppression. The study aims to know about the correlation of Myc and Wee1 expressions as a molecular therapy given by <i>Zanthoxylum acanthopodium</i>. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> There are five rat groups: Group K is the untreated group, Group K⁺ is the rats injected with benzopyrene, Group P₁ is the administration of <i>Zanthoxylum acanthopodium</i> 100 mg kg¹ b.wt., Group P₂ is the administration of <i>Zanthoxylum acanthopodium</i> 200 mg kg¹ b.wt. and Group P₃ is the administration of <i>Zanthoxylum acanthopodium</i> 400 mg kg¹ b.wt. The rats are dissected 30 days after receiving <i>Zanthoxylum acanthopodium</i>. To stain the cervical tissues, immunohistochemistry is performed. <b>Results:</b> <i>Zanthoxylum acanthopodium</i> administration caused epithelial thickening and decreased Myc expression in previously uncontrolled carcinomas from untreated malignancies, which now slowed and stopped growing into the normal epithelium. Wee1 expression revealed that this herb could repair tissue by drastically reducing Wee1 expression at a dose of 100-400 mg kg¹ b.wt. Similarly, at the highest dose, cervical carcinoma stops growing and the nucleus begins to form normally (p<0.01). <b>Conclusion:</b> The higher Myc expression on andaliman administration in cervical carcinoma decreases Wee1 expression in cervical carcinoma so these two proteins have a strong and significant correlation. <i>Zanthoxylum acanthopodium</i> can be administered at various dosages to lower the number of positive indexes of Myc and Wee1 expression in cervical carcinoma.

<b>Background and Objective:</b> <i>HIF-1α</i> and <i>EGFL7</i> are genes found in the placenta that play an important role in the regulation of trophoblast differentiation, hypoxia is glycolysis, red blood cell production and angiogenesis. Indonesia has antioxidant plants such as andaliman (<i>Zanthoxylum acanthopodium</i>) and haramonting (<i>Rhodomyrtus tomentosa</i>). This study aimed to analyze the role of <i>EGFL7</i> and <i>HIF-1α</i> genes on human trophoblast after administration of these 2 herbs. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> This study used HTR8 trophoblast cells with 4 incubation times, namely 30 min 1, 3 and 16 hrs (overnight) with a total of 48 weeks and then observed the cells. Cells were cultured in RPMI1640, then RNA isolation was performed, mRNA was reverse transcribed and analyzed using RT-PCR. <b>Results:</b> Nanoherbal <i>Zanthoxylum acanthopodium</i> (NZA) to the <i>EGFL7</i> gene, the longer the incubation time of human trophoblast cells, the less expression of the <i>EGFL7</i> gene (p<0.05). On the other hand, in the administration of Nanoherbal <i>Rhodomyrtus tomentose</i> (NRT), the longer the incubation time of human trophoblast cells, the higher the expression of the <i>EGFL7</i> gene. In the <i>HIF-1α</i> gene, only incubation time >16 hrs of human trophoblast cells treated with Nanoherbal <i>Zanthoxylum acanthopodium</i> (NZA) can reduce <i>HIF-1α</i> gene expression. However, the longer the incubation time of human trophoblast cells on the administration of Nanoherbal <i>Rhodomyrtus tomentosa</i> (NRT), the more the <i>HIF-1α</i> gene expression decreased (p<0.01). <b>Conclusion:</b> <i>Rhodomyrtus tomentosa</i> gave a more significant effect than <i>Zanthoxylum acanthopodium</i>.

<b>Background and Objective:</b> Cervical cancer is the leading cause of death for women in the world and Indonesia. This disease originates from a malignant tumour of squamous epithelial cells caused by infection with the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV). Antioxidants can reduce oxidative stress in and there are plants from Indonesia that have high antioxidants, namely andaliman (<i>Zanthoxylum acanthopodium</i>). This study aimed to analyze the role of andaliman on PI3K and Wnt signalling in cervical cancer histology. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> The study includes 5 treatments. The control group (K-), rats cancer model (K+), rats cancer model+the dose is 100 mg/b.wt. of ZAM (P₁), rats cancer model+the dose is 200 mg/b.wt. of ZAM (P₂) and rats cancer model+the dosage is 400 mg/b.wt. ZAM (P₃). On the 30th day after ZAM administration, the rats were dissected for the paraffin block and Wnt and PI3K immunohistochemical staining was prepared. <b>Results:</b> There was a significant difference between all groups (p<0.001) in Wnt and PI3K expression. The real role of ZAM in cervical cancer tissue was seen at the highest ZAM dose (P₃). Irregular mucosal folds and stretched interstitial connective tissue in the K+ group can return to regularity and improve at the P₃ dose. The administration of ZAM showed a significant difference in cervical tissue after benzopyrene injection. <b>Conclusion:</b> Andaliman (<i>Zanthoxylum acanthopodium</i>) extract increases PI3K expression through suppression of Wnt expression. It can be developed therapy molecularly to prevent cell growth into cancer.

<b>Background and Objective:</b> Increased glucose levels in diabetes mellitus patients affect angiogenesis which triggers the duration of the wound to heal. <i>Rhodomyrtus tomentosa</i> leaves (haramonting) and <i>Zanthoxylum acanthopodium </i>fruits (andaliman) are an endemic plant with an antioxidant in Indonesia. This study was aimed to determine histology changes of diabetic wound healing in FGF expression by Nano herbal of haramonting and andaliman. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> This study consisted of 4 groups for each treatment, K₁: Negative control, K₂: MEBO, K₃: Nano herbal of andaliman and K₄: Nano herbal of haramonting. The treatments were observed on days 0, 4, 8, 12 and 16. Diabetic model rats with alloxan injection (120 mg kg¹. IP) and rats were declared diabetes mellitus when blood glucose levels reached <u>></u>200 mg dL¹. The tissue was prepared on paraffin blocks and given Immunohistochemistry staining for FGF analysis. <b>Results:</b> There was a significant difference between all groups (p<0.001) in FGF expression. The proliferation of fibroblasts and collagen was formed by administering nano herbal andaliman and haramonting in rat\'s skin. The proliferation of cells that occur in the injured skin layer indicates the compounds contained in the nano herbal haramonting and andaliman stimulate cell division and growth to form wound tissue. <b>Conclusion:</b> Nano herbal andaliman and haramonting can be developed into herbs that can be used to treat wounds in diabetes. Another molecular gene analysis is required to get higher yields to further study for diabetic wounds against these two herbs.

OBJECTIVE: Andaliman fruit (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium) is a well-known spice antioxidant in Northern Sumatera (Indonesia). The cellular activity requires antioxidants in counteracting free radicals. The cellular proteins that play a role in development, proliferation, differentiation and embryonic processes in the human placenta are NOTCH1 and Hes1. The aim of this research was to analyze the expression of NOTCH1 and Hes1 genes after administering nano herbal andaliman to the trophoblast cells of the human placenta.
METHODS: HTR8 trophoblast cells were divided into two groups, namely, control and treatment (nano herbal andaliman). RNA isolation, reverse transcription and RT-PCR (real-time polymerase chain reaction) were performed to analyze the NOTCH1 and Notch target gene (Hes1) expressions. The NOTCH1 and Hes1 gene expressions were quantified using the CT method (2-ΔΔCT) and normalized with Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) gene expressions.
RESULTS: Nanoherbal andaliman reduced the expression of NOTCH1 genes in the human placental trophoblast. However, it increased the expression of Hes1 when the incubation time was 16 hrs.
CONCLUSIONS: Nanoherbal andaliman decreases the expression of genes that are crucial in hypoxia and free radicals in the placenta, namely, NOTCH1 and Hes1 increased after incubation for 16 hrs. Therefore, this herb needs to be evaluated further.

We sequenced the complete chloroplast genome of Zanthoxylum acanthopodium via high-throughput sequencing technology, and analyzed its structural characteristics and phylogenetic relationships. The chloroplast exhibits a genome length of 158,473 bp, including a pair of inverted repeat regions (IRa and IRb) of 27,369 bp, a small single-copy (SSC) region of 17,629 bp and a large single-copy (LSC) region of 85,570 bp. The annotation analysis identified 112 genes, containing 78 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNA genes and 4 rRNA genes. The phylogenetic analysis showed that Z. acanthopodium was closely related to Z. piperitum and Z. tragodes.

BACKGROUND: Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium) is a spice traditional Northen Sumatera, Indonesia and these fruits contain alkaloids, steroids and terpenoids. Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO) contains antioxidants. Combination of this plant have activities to reduce preeclampsia.
OBJECTIVE: To know the safety of the combination of nano herbal andaliman and Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) on preeclampsia patients\' liver.
METHODS: Pregnant rats were made to have preeclampsia with 3 ml of NaCl 6% injections. This research consists of 5 groups: K- (negative control): normal pregnant rats, K+: preeclampsia rats; P1: PE rats were given nano herbal andaliman 1 ml EVOO / day / 20 gBW from the 13th to the 19th day of pregnancy, P2: PE rats were given nano herbal andaliman 100 mg/day / 200 gBW from the 13th to the 19th day of pregnancy, P3: PE was given the combination of 1 ml EVOO/day / 200 gBW and andaliman nano herbal 100 mg/day/200 gBW on the 13th day of pregnancy to the 19th day given orally. Then on the 20th day of pregnancy, the subjects were dissected.
RESULTS: There were significant differences (p < 0.05) on the value of SGOT, SGPT, and the average damage of the hepatocyte cells except parenchymatous degeneration after being given the nano herbal andaliman and EVOO. The compared mean of normal hepatocytes cell, hydropic degeneration and necrosis value between all groups were p < 0.05 and p < 0.01 compared to (K-). The non-significant difference was found in the mean of parenchymatous degeneration between the groups (p = 0.058).
CONCLUSIONS: The combination of nano herbal andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium) and EVOO affected the level of necrosis in hepatocyte cells on preeclampsia rats.

BACKGROUND: The use of medicinal plants is increasing in several decades for relief many diseases. Indonesia consists of thousands of islands with various plants and the manners of the community using plants as a treatment for every disease traditionally.
OBJECTIVE: Cytotoxic activity of ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) of Zanthoxylum acanthopodium fruit was tested towards T47D breast cancer cells.
METHODS: The in vitro cytotoxic activity was performed by MTT assay, and the result was expressed as the IC50 (Inhibitory Concentration), and cell cycle inhibition was investigated by flow cytometry to assess the inhibition in every phase of cell cycle, and the role of expression cyclin D1 and p53 in cell cycle inhibition were performed by immunocytochemistry.
RESULTS: EAF was showed to have high activity with a value of IC50 48.94 ± 0.32 µg/mL. EAF of 25 µg/mL caused cell accumulation at G0/G1 (60.48%) and in a control cell (51.69%) and decreased expression of cyclin D1 and increased expression of p53.
CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained in this study provided scientific support for further investigation on compounds in Z. acanthopodium fruit which in the future could be used for medication.