虾青素是一种重要的抗氧化剂,具有抗肿瘤等多种生物活性,抗肥胖,心脏保护,和免疫调节活性。这些生物活性大多来源于(3S,3\'S)-虾青素,而(3R,3\'R)-虾青素很少报道。本研究的目的是探讨(3R,3\'R)-虾青素对高脂饮食小鼠脂质代谢和肠道菌群的影响。在这项工作中,40只雄性C57BL/6小鼠分为8组,饲喂添加或不添加高脂饮食(3R,3\'R)-虾青素或叶黄素酵母树枝状8周。体重增加,能量摄入,脂肪指数,血浆三酰甘油和胆固醇,肝脏三酰甘油和胆固醇,并确定了肠道微生物群。结果表明,添加(3R,3\'R)-虾青素/X。树枝状的高脂肪饮食作为补充防止体重增加,血浆和肝脏三酰甘油减少,降低血浆和肝脏总胆固醇。添加(3R,3\'R)-虾青素/X。树枝状还调节小鼠的肠道微生物群,优化了拟杆菌与厚壁菌的比例,增加了维氏微生物的含量,尤其是Akkermansia.肠道菌群的变化实现了更健康的结构,从而减少肥胖的发生率。因此(3R,3\'R)-虾青素具有调节脂质代谢和肠道微生物群的功能,以防止高脂饮食引起的肥胖。(3R,3\'R)-虾青素,X.树枝状,与虾青素在预防高脂肪饮食引起的肥胖方面具有相同的功能,这反映了它作为益生菌药物的潜在能力。
Astaxanthin is an important antioxidant with many biological activities such as anti-tumor, anti-obesity, cardioprotective, and immuno-modulatory activities. Most of these biological activities are derived from (3S,3\'S)-astaxanthin, while the activities of (3R,3\'R)-astaxanthin are rarely reported. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of (3R,3\'R)-astaxanthin on lipid metabolism and gut microbiota in mice fed with a high-fat diet. In this work, 40 male C57BL/6 mice were divided into 8 groups fed a high-fat diet supplemented or not with (3R,3\'R)-astaxanthin or Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous for 8 weeks. The weight gain, energy intake, fat index, plasma triacylglycerol and cholesterol, liver triacylglycerol and cholesterol, and gut microbiota were determined. The results showed that the addition of (3R,3\'R)-astaxanthin/X. dendrorhous to the high-fat diet as a supplement prevented weight gain, reduced plasma and liver triacylglycerol, and decreased plasma and liver total cholesterol. The addition of (3R,3\'R)-astaxanthin/X. dendrorhous also regulated the gut microbiota of the mice, which optimized the ratio of Bacteroides to Firmicutes and increased the content of Verrucomicrobia, especially Akkermansia. The changes in the gut microflora achieved a healthier structure, thus reducing the incidence of obesity. Thus (3R,3\'R)-Astaxanthin has the function of regulating lipid metabolism and gut microbiota to prevent obesity caused by a high-fat diet. The production strain of (3R,3\'R)-astaxanthin, X. dendrorhous, has the same function as astaxanthin in preventing obesity caused by a high-fat diet, which reflects its potential ability as a probiotic drug.