背景:在低收入和中等收入国家,职业性手和手腕受伤(OHWIs)占与工作有关的事故的25%。在哥伦比亚,2021年发生了超过50万起职业事故,尽管这一比率在2020年和2021年下降到不到5%,但至少有四分之一的事故涉及手或手腕受伤。
目的:描述在哥伦比亚二级医院急诊室看到的工人中的OHWIs。
方法:一项观察性研究使用来自经历OHWIs并在二级医院就诊的工人的数据进行,六月之间,2020年5月,2021年。OHWIs的总体频率,以及它们按社会人口统计的分布,临床,和职业变量,被描述。此外,性别之间的关联模式,解剖区域(手指,手,手腕),和工作类型进行了对应分析(CA)。
结果:有2.101名工人因职业事故接受治疗,423例(20.3%)是OHWIs,主要影响男性(93.9%),中位年龄为31岁,主要在采矿业工作(75.9%)。OHWIs在右上肢更为常见(55.3%),包括不同类型的损伤,如挫伤(42.1%),裂伤(27.9%),骨折(18.7%),挤压伤(15.6%)。他们主要影响指骨(95.2%),尤其是第一个手指(25.7%)。CA显示受伤的解剖区域与工人的工作之间的关联在男性和女性中有所不同(解释方差>90%)。
结论:昆迪纳马卡遭受职业事故的五分之一工人,哥伦比亚有一个OHWI,主要影响从事采矿的男性。这种职业特征很可能会导致长期康复,和永久性的功能限制。我们的结果可能有助于调整集群风险组的预防措施。
BACKGROUND: Occupational hand and wrist injuries (OHWIs) account for 25% of work-related accidents in low- and middle-income countries. In Colombia, more than 500000 occupational accidents occurred in 2021, and although the rate declined to less than 5% in 2020 and 2021, at least one in four accidents involved a hand or wrist injury.
OBJECTIVE: To describe the OHWIs in workers seen at the emergency room at a second-level hospital in Colombia.
METHODS: An observational study was performed using data from workers who experienced OHWIs and attended a second-level hospital, between June, 2020 and May, 2021. The overall frequency of OHWIs, as well as their distribution by sociodemographic, clinical, and occupational variables, are described. Furthermore, association patterns between sex, anatomical area (fingers, hand, wrist), and type of job were analyzed by correspondence analysis (CA).
RESULTS: There were 2.101 workers treated for occupational accidents, 423 (20.3%) were cases of OHWIs, which mainly affected men (93.9%) with a median age of 31 years and who worked mainly in mining (75.9%). OHWIs were more common in the right upper extremity (55.3%) and comprised different types of injuries, such as contusion (42.1%), laceration (27.9%), fracture (18.7%), and crush injury (15.6%). They primarily affected the phalanges (95.2%), especially those of the first finger (25.7%). The CAs showed associations between the injured anatomical area and the worker\'s job that differed in men and women (explained variance > 90%).
CONCLUSIONS: One out of five workers who suffered occupational accidents in Cundinamarca, Columbia had an OHWI, affecting mainly males employed in mining. This occupational profile is likely to lead to prolonged rehabilitation, and permanent functional limitations. Our results might be useful for adjusting preventive measures in cluster risk groups.