Hydrogels are commonly used as carriers for cell delivery due to their similarities to the extracellular matrix. A contraction-suppressed full-thickness wound model was used to evaluate the therapeutic potential of Pluronic F127 (PF127) hydrogel loaded with adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (AdSVF), mesenchymal stem cells (AdMSC), and conditioned media (AdMSC-CM) for the repair of wounds in a rabbit model. The experimental study was conducted on forty-eight healthy adult New Zealand white rabbits randomly divided into eight groups with six animals each and treated with AdSVF, AdMSC, and AdMSC-CM as an injectable or topical preparation. The healing potential of different adipose-derived cell-based and cell-free therapeutics was evaluated based on percentage wound healing, period of epithelialization, epidermal thickness, scar evaluation, histopathology analysis, histochemical evaluation, immunohistochemistry (collagen type I), and hydroxyproline assay by comparing with the positive and negative control. Collagen density analysis using different staining methods, immunohistochemistry, and hydroxyproline assay consistently showed that delivering AdMSC and AdMSC-CM in PF127 hydrogel enhanced epithelialization, collagen production, and organization, contributing to improved tissue strength and quality. Even though allogeneic AdSVF was found to promote wound healing in rabbits, it has a lower potential than AdMSC and AdMSC-CM. The wound healing potential of AdMSC and AdMSC-CM was enhanced when loaded in PF127 hydrogel and applied topically. Even though wounds treated with AdMSC outperformed AdMSC-CM, a significant difference in the healing quality was not observed in most instances, indicating almost similar therapeutic potential. The findings indicate that the wound healing potential of AdMSC and AdMSC-CM was enhanced when loaded in PF127 hydrogel and applied topically. These treatments promoted collagen production, tissue organization, and epidermal regeneration, ultimately improving overall healing outcomes.

Thanks to microfluidic technology, different nano-delivery systems are becoming clinically viable. Using a novel and rapid microfluidic hydrodynamic focusing (MHF) method (lipids on chip) we developed self-adaptable liposomes (SLs) containing cefpodoxime proxetil (CP) for the treatment of skin infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus. SLs were optimized using different flow rate ratios in the MHF method and the final formulation CPT3 was found to be the best in terms of particle size (68.27 ± 01.15 nm), % entrapment efficiency (% EE: 82 ± 1.5), polydispersity (PDI: 0.2 ± 0.012), and degree of deformability (DOD: 4.7 ± 0.18 nm). Rats (Sprague Dawley) treated with a self-adaptable CPT3 liposomal formulation recuperate skin injury, exhibited reduced bacterial counts (<106 CFU/mL) in the wounded region, and completely restored (100 %) on day 21. Rat survival, in vivo dermal pharmacokinetics and ex vivo-in vivo relationship were also investigated. Rats treated with an even 10-fold higher dose (100 mg/kg/day) of CP using an equivalent CPT3 formulation did not show any symptoms of toxicity as revealed by hematological, biochemical, and internal organ assessment observations. Finally, the developed CPT3 formulation with special interest in patients with high-risk skin injuries not only delivered CP in a controlled manner but was also clinically effective and safe as it did not produce any serious adverse events even at 10× higher doses in the infected rats.

Traumatic oral ulcers are one of the most commonly encountered oral ulcers. Their healing may be delayed due to factors like the presence of opportunistic infectious microbes in the oral cavity, secondary trauma from sharp edges of teeth, and the systemic condition of the patient.
OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of a newly developed neem extract containing herbal ointments (propolis and Hemidesmus indicus) in enhancing the wound contraction of traumatic oral ulcers and to determine the relationship between oxidative stress and oral ulcers.
METHODS: Ulcers were inflicted by trauma in the mouths of experimental rabbits using a 5 mm punch biopsy device. Forty-eight animals were randomly put into six groups (n = 12). Group 1 was the control group that did not receive any intervention; Group 2 had a systemic treatment of Hemidesmus indicus extract; Group 3 received a topical application of propolis; Group 4 had a topical application of a neem extract-based herbal ointment; Group 5 was administered a combination of Hemidesmus indicus and propolis; and Group 6 had a combination of a neem-based herbal ointment and Hemidesmus indicus. Oxidative stress levels were calculated by measuring superoxide dismutases and malondialdehyde levels in the blood on days 0, one, seven, and 14. Wound contraction scores of ulcers were also assessed on days seven and 14.
RESULTS: Significantly higher wound contraction scores were seen in groups treated with herbal ointment in comparison to groups treated without herbal ointment. Oxidative stress levels increased in all groups after the infliction of ulcers (day one) and then declined as the ulcers healed, reaching near-normal levels on day 14. Groups containing Hemidesmus indicus showed a significant reduction in oxidative stress in comparison to groups without Hemidesmus indicus. A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant.
CONCLUSIONS: A combined formulation of herbal ointment and Hemidesmus indicus proved to be the most efficacious in enhancing wound contraction of oral ulcers along with significantly reducing oxidative stress in experimental rabbits.

Leonurus japonicus Houtt. is a medicinal plant popular in Brazil as \"rubim\", used in local folk medicine for several applications as an anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, analgesic, and antimicrobial phytomedicine. The traditional use for wound healing is related; however, few studies have evaluated the wound healing activity. Thus, this study aimed to analyse the popular indication of the hydroalcoholic and aqueous extracts of L. japonicus aerial parts in a rat wound healing model. The initial chemical characterization was performed using flavonoid quantification and complemented with mass spectroscopy/chemometrics analysis. The wound\'s lesion contraction and tissue regeneration (histological study stained with hematoxylin-eosin and picrosirius) were determined. Hydroalcoholic and aqueous extracts presented high flavonoid content, and mass spectrometry analysis of the extracts demonstrated the presence of compounds with a mass between 100-650, reinforcing the presence of polyphenolic constituents. The extracts of L. japonicus improve various wound healing phases, like inflammatory modulation, wound contraction, and collagen synthesis, resulting in faster healing in rats. These effects could be related to the extracts\' polyphenolic compounds.

Mikania micrantha (MM) has been traditionally used for various health benefits, including mental health, anti-inflammatory, wound dressing, and healing of sores. However, the molecular mechanisms and dose required for the wound healing activity of MM have yet to be reported. Therefore, a study was conducted to evaluate the wound healing potential of a cold methanolic extract of MM through in vitro and in vivo studies. Human dermal fibroblast adult (HDFa) cells were treated with 0 (control), 75 ng/ml, 125 ng/ml, 250 ng/ml, and 500 ng/ml of MMmethanolic extract (MME) for 24 h. MME at 75 ng/ml has significantly (p˂0.05) promoted HDFa cell proliferation and migration. Further, MME has also been shown to enhance the invasiveness of human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs), indicating the neovasculature for wound healing. The tube formation assay demonstrated a significant (p<0.05) increase in the angiogenic effect of the MME starting at a concentration of 75 ng/ml as compared to the control. Treatment of excision wounds in Wistar rats with 5% and 10% MME ointment significantly enhanced wound contraction compared to control animals. Incision wounds in rats treated with 5% and 10% MME showed a significant (p<0.01) increase in tensile strength compared to control. HDFa cells, and granulation tissue collected on day 14 post-wounding, revealed the modulation of the FAK/Akt/mTOR cell signaling pathway during the enhancement of wound healing. The results of gel zymography showed increased activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the HDFa cells after treatment with the extract.  It is concluded that MMEcan potentially accelerate cutaneous wound healing.

The complications associated with diabetic wounds make their healing process prolonged. Hydrogels could be ideal wound dressings therefore present research was conducted to prepare silk sericin (an adhesive protein polymer) based hydrogels in combination with plant extracts and to evaluate its effectiveness against wound healing process in mice with alloxan induced diabetes. Excision wounds were formed via a biopsy puncture (6 mm). Experimental hydrogels were prepared and applied topically on the diabetic wounds. All the hydrogel treatment groups showed significantly higher (P < 0.001) percent wound contraction from day 3 to day 11 as compared to the negative diabetic control group. The serum level of anti-inflammatory cytokine (Interleukin-10) and tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase (TIMP) was significantly higher (P < 0.001), while the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, Interleukin-6) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2, MMP-9) was significantly lower (P < 0.001) in hydrogels treatment groups as compared to diabetic control group. Although all the hydrogels showed effective results, however the best results were shown by 4 % sericin+4 % banyan+4 % onion based hydrogel. It can be concluded that Sericin based hydrogel enriched with banyan and onion extracts can be used as an effective remedy for the treatment of diabetic wounds due to their high healing and regenerative properties.

UNASSIGNED: Treatment of contaminated wounds represents a significant challenge in healthcare and there is a need to develop approaches maximising skin retention to maintain therapeutic concentrations of anti-infectives at the wound site. The objective of the present study was to develop and evaluate mupirocin calcium nanolipid emulgels to enhance wound healing performance and patient acceptability.
UNASSIGNED: Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) of mupirocin calcium were prepared by the phase inversion temperature method using Precirol ATO 5 (Gattefosse, India) and oleic acid as lipids and Kolliphor RH 40 (BASF, India) as surfactant and further incorporated into a gel base for topical delivery.
UNASSIGNED: The particle size, polydispersity index and zeta potential of mupirocin NLCs were found to be 128.8±1.25nm, 0.283±0.003 and -24.2±0.56mV, respectively. In vitro release studies from developed emulgel showed sustained drug release over 24 hours. Ex vivo drug permeation studies through excised rat abdominal skin showed better skin permeation (1712.38±15. 57μg/cm2) from developed emulgel compared to marketed ointment (827.92±21.42μg/cm2) after 8 hours, which was in agreement with in vitro antibacterial activity. Studies on Wistar rats indicated the nonirritant potential of developed emulgels. Further, mupirocin emulgels showed improved efficacy in percent wound contraction of acute contaminated open wounds in Wistar rats using a full-thickness excision wound healing model.
UNASSIGNED: The emulgels of mupirocin calcium NLCs appear to be effective in the treatment of contaminated wounds due to increased skin deposition and sustained release, thereby enhancing the wound healing potential of existing molecules.

UNASSIGNED: Diabetes mellitus is among the disrupting factors of orchestrated events in wound healing. This necessitates the urge for tailored medications, which are continually offered by nano-sized materials. Herein, we present greenly synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs), obtained from either Punica granatum L. (PG) or Pisidium guajava L. (GV) extract, to function as potent bactericidal and fungicidal materials that promote regeneration and healing of the targeted diabetic wounded tissues.
UNASSIGNED: PG or GV plant extracts were compared as source of reducing agents for CuO NPs synthesis process. The yield and photocatalytic degradation potential were compared. NPs obtained from the superior extract, PG, were characterized using particles size, zeta potential, XRD, TEM, SEM, and EDX. The antimicrobial effects were evaluated on multidrug-resistant human pathogens and then the percentage biofilm inhibitory concentration was determined. The cytotoxicity and wound scratch study were conducted on a normal human skin cell line. In-vivo wound healing activity in diabetic rats was assessed along with histopathological and immunohistochemical examination of CD45 and α-SMA.
UNASSIGNED: The greenly synthesized CuO NPs are spherical in shape having a diameter of 233nm. CuO NPs (250µg/mL) acted as promising biocontrol agent against a variety of multidrug-resistant human pathogens. They significantly exhibited 29.460±0.811% healing of the scratched wound compared to only 2.001±0.155% for the control. Wound healing experiments revealed the safety of a low CuO NPs concentration in a diabetic animal model as well as on human normal skin fibroblast cell line. The treated group with a dose of 2mg/cm2 showed superior results with a WC50 value of 7.2 days, and 92% wound contraction after 13-days. Immunohistochemical investigation of the same group demonstrated well-established fibrous tissue (5.7±3.7/HPF), and an amplified granulation tissue of recently developed blood vessels (70±1.5/HPF).
UNASSIGNED: Green synthesized CuO NPs could overcome drug resistance and promote wound healing process effectively.

We consider the stability analysis of a two-dimensional model for post-burn contraction. The model is based on morphoelasticity for permanent deformations and combined with a chemical-biological model that incorporates cellular densities, collagen density, and the concentration of chemoattractants. We formulate stability conditions depending on the decay rate of signaling molecules for both the continuous partial differential equations-based problem and the (semi-)discrete representation. We analyze the difference and convergence between the resulting spatial eigenvalues from the continuous and semi-discrete problems.

Wound care management aims at stimulating and improving healing process without scar formation. Although various plants have been reported to possess wound healing properties in tribal and folklore medicines, there is a lack of scientific data to validate the claim. In this aspect, it becomes inevitable to prove the efficacy of naturally derived products at pharmacological levels. Couroupita guianensis as a whole plant has been reported to exhibit wound healing activity. The leaves and fruit of this plant have been utilized in folkloric medicine to cure skin diseases and infections for many years. However, to the best of our knowledge, no scientific studies have been conducted to verify the wound healing properties of C. guianensis fruit pulp. Therefore, the present study seeks to investigate the wound healing potential of C. guianensis fruit pulp using an excision wound model in Wistar albino male rats. This study indicated that the ointment prepared from crude ethanolic extract of C. guianensis fruit pulp facilitated wound contraction that were evidenced by a greater reduction in the wound area and epithelialization period and increased hydroxyproline content. The experimental groups treated with low and mid dose of C. guianensis ethanol extract (CGEE) ointments had shown a wound closure of 80.27% and 89.11% respectively within 15 days, which is comparable to the standard betadine ointment which showed 91.44% healing in the treated groups. Further, the extract influenced the expression of genes VEGF and TGF-β on post wounding days that clearly explained the strong correlation between these genes and wound healing in the experimental rats. The animals treated with 10% CGEE ointment showed a significant upregulation of both VEGF and TGF-β as compared with other test and standard groups. These findings provide credence to the conventional application of this plant in the healing of wounds and other dermatological conditions, and may represent a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of wounds.