肥大细胞激活剂是一类新型的粘膜疫苗佐剂。高分子化合物,化合物48/80(C48/80),和阳离子肽,Mastoparan7(M7)是肥大细胞激活剂,当通过鼻途径给药时提供佐剂活性。然而,与M7或C48/80相比,小分子肥大细胞激活剂可能是一种更具成本效益的佐剂替代品,易于以高纯度合成。为了鉴定可以评估粘膜疫苗佐剂活性的新型肥大细胞活化化合物,我们采用高通量筛选方法评估了超过55,000个小分子的肥大细胞脱颗粒活性.根据细胞因子产生和细胞毒性等体外免疫活化活性,将15种肥大细胞活化化合物下调至5种化合物。合成可行性,以及功能多样性的选择。当在鼻疫苗中与西尼罗河病毒包膜结构域III(EDIII)蛋白组合时,在BALB/c小鼠中评价这些小分子肥大细胞激活剂的体内佐剂活性和针对西尼罗河病毒感染的保护性免疫的诱导。我们发现五个肥大细胞激活剂中的三个,ST101036、ST048871和R529877引起高水平的EDIII特异性抗体,并赋予相当水平的针对WNV攻击的保护。由这些小分子肥大细胞激活剂提供的保护水平与由M7引起的保护水平(67%)相当,但显著高于用单独的EDIII免疫的小鼠所观察到的水平(无佐剂33%)。因此,通过高通量筛选鉴定的新型小分子肥大细胞激活剂在用作鼻用疫苗佐剂时与先前描述的肥大细胞激活剂一样有效,并且代表了用于粘膜疫苗研究评估的下一代肥大细胞激活剂.
Mast cell activators are a novel class of mucosal vaccine adjuvants. The polymeric compound, Compound 48/80 (C48/80), and cationic peptide, Mastoparan 7 (M7) are mast cell activators that provide adjuvant activity when administered by the nasal route. However, small molecule mast cell activators may be a more cost-efficient adjuvant alternative that is easily synthesized with high purity compared to M7 or C48/80. To identify novel mast cell activating compounds that could be evaluated for mucosal vaccine adjuvant activity, we employed high-throughput screening to assess over 55,000 small molecules for mast cell degranulation activity. Fifteen mast cell activating compounds were down-selected to five compounds based on in vitro immune activation activities including cytokine production and cellular cytotoxicity, synthesis feasibility, and selection for functional diversity. These small molecule mast cell activators were evaluated for in vivo adjuvant activity and induction of protective immunity against West Nile Virus infection in BALB/c mice when combined with West Nile Virus envelope domain III (EDIII) protein in a nasal vaccine. We found that three of the five mast cell activators, ST101036, ST048871, and R529877, evoked high levels of EDIII-specific antibody and conferred comparable levels of protection against WNV challenge. The level of protection provided by these small molecule mast cell activators was comparable to the protection evoked by M7 (67%) but markedly higher than the levels seen with mice immunized with EDIII alone (no adjuvant 33%). Thus, novel small molecule mast cell activators identified by high throughput screening are as efficacious as previously described mast cell activators when used as nasal vaccine adjuvants and represent next-generation mast cell activators for evaluation in mucosal vaccine studies.