PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Humans and equines are two dead-end hosts of the mosquito-borne West Nile virus (WNV) with similar susceptibility and pathogenesis. Since the introduction of WNV vaccines into equine populations of the United States of America (USA) in late 2002, there have been only sporadic cases of WNV infection in equines. These cases are generally attributed to unvaccinated and under-vaccinated equines. In contrast, due to the lack of a human WNV vaccine, WNV cases in humans have remained steadily high. An average of 115 deaths have been reported per year in the USA since the first reported case in 1999. Therefore, the characterization of protective immune responses to WNV and the identification of immune correlates of protection in vaccinated equines will provide new fundamental information about the successful development and evaluation of WNV vaccines in humans. This review discusses the comparative epidemiology, transmission, susceptibility to infection and disease, clinical manifestation and pathogenesis, and immune responses of WNV in humans and equines. Furthermore, prophylactic and therapeutic strategies that are currently available and under development are described. In addition, the successful vaccination of equines against WNV and the potential lessons for human vaccine development are discussed.
摘要：
人类和马是蚊子传播的西尼罗河病毒（WNV）的两个死角宿主，具有相似的易感性和发病机理。自2002年底将WNV疫苗引入美利坚合众国（美国）的马群以来，马中只有零星的WNV感染病例。这些病例通常归因于未接种和接种不足的马。相比之下,由于缺乏人类WNV疫苗，人类的WNV病例一直居高不下。自1999年首次报告病例以来，美国每年平均报告115例死亡。因此,对WNV的保护性免疫应答的表征和在接种疫苗的马中保护的免疫相关性的鉴定将提供关于WNV疫苗在人类中的成功开发和评估的新的基本信息.这篇综述讨论了比较流行病学，传输,对感染和疾病的易感性，临床表现和发病机制，以及WNV在人类和马中的免疫反应。此外，描述了目前可用和正在开发的预防和治疗策略。此外,讨论了马科动物成功接种WNV疫苗以及人类疫苗开发的潜在经验教训.
