这项研究调查了从各种石榴(PunicagranatumL.)品种的副产品中回收生物活性化合物的可持续提取方案,包括Acco,Hicaz,欢乐的红色,Parfianka,瓦伦西亚娜,和美妙的,在水果的工业加工过程中产生的。先进的提取技术,包括超声波,微波,和水力空化,已与常规提取程序进行了比较,并用于提高提取效率,同时最大程度地减少对环境的影响。水基提取方法已被用来促进可持续和生态友好工艺的发展。常规提取与超声辅助提取(UAEs)和微波辅助提取(MAEs)之间的比较表明,提取收率显着提高。特别是对于ellagitannins(punicalins,punicalagins,和鞣花酸)和总多酚,增加范围从约45%到200%。然而,直接比较UAE与MAE的增幅约为4%至6%。ThisindicatesthatwhilebothUAEandMAEofferssignificantimprovementsoverregularextraction,两种先进方法的提取效率差异相对较小。在各种石榴品种中观察到了这些进步,突出了这些方法的多功能性和有效性。值得注意的是,基于水力空化的萃取(HC)特别有前途,始终如一地产生最高水平的生物活性化合物(鞣质和总多酚),尤其是在较高频率下操作时。与常规提取相比,HC表现出奇妙的石榴副产品的提取率大幅增加,超过UAE和MAE的效率(阿联酋和MAE约为45%和57%,分别,而HC约为80%)。在这些先进的技术中,HC变得特别有希望,产生最有利的结果,并导致生物活性化合物产量的显着提高。当直接与UAE和MAE比较时,HC将提取率提高了20%以上。此外,HC允许较短的提取时间。在使用的所有类型的提取程序中,Wonderful栽培品种始终表现出最高水平的ellagitannins和最高的总多酚含量,无论是传统的还是先进的。这凸显了Wonderful品种在生物活性化合物提取方面的巨大潜力,并强调了其在石榴加工和利用相关研究和应用中的重要性。这项研究表明,将这些先进技术应用到提取过程中代表了该领域的重大进步,为开发从石榴加工副产品中获得有价值的生物活性化合物的高效环保提取方法提供了有希望的途径。
This study investigates sustainable extraction protocols for the recovery of bioactive compounds from by-products of various pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cultivars, including Acco, Hicaz, Jolly Red, Parfianka, Valenciana, and Wonderful, generated during the industrial processing of the fruits. Advanced extraction technologies, including ultrasounds, microwaves, and hydrodynamic cavitation, have been compared to conventional extraction procedures and utilized to enhance extraction efficiency while also minimizing environmental impact. Water-based extraction methods have been utilized to promote the development of sustainable and eco-friendly processes. The comparison between conventional extractions and ultrasound-assisted extractions (UAEs) and microwave-assisted extractions (MAEs) demonstrated notable improvements in extraction yields, particularly for ellagitannins (punicalins, punicalagins, and ellagic acid) and total polyphenols, with increases ranging from about 45 to 200%. However, the increases directly comparing UAEs to MAEs ranged from about 4 to 6%. This indicates that while both UAEs and MAEs offer notable improvements over conventional extractions, the differences in extraction efficiency between the two advanced methods were relatively modest. These advancements were observed across various pomegranate cultivars, highlighting the versatility and effectiveness of these methods. Notably, hydrodynamic cavitation-based extractions (HC) emerged as particularly promising, consistently yielding the highest levels of bioactive compounds (ellagitannins and total polyphenols), especially when operated at higher frequencies. Compared to conventional extractions, HC exhibited substantial increases in extraction yields for Wonderful pomegranate by-products, surpassing the efficiency of both UAEs and MAEs (approximately 45 and 57% for UAE and MAE, respectively, versus about 80% for HC). Among these advanced techniques, HC has emerged as particularly promising, yielding the most favorable results and leading to significant improvements in the yield of bioactive compounds. When directly compared to UAEs and MAEs, HC increased extraction yields by over 20%. Furthermore, HC allowed for shorter extraction times. The Wonderful cultivar consistently exhibited the highest levels of ellagitannins and the highest total polyphenol content among all types of extraction procedures used, whether conventional or advanced. This highlights the great potential of the Wonderful cultivar in terms of bioactive compound extraction and underscores its significance in research and applications related to pomegranate processing and utilization. This study suggests that the implementation of these advanced technologies into extraction processes represents a significant advancement in the field, offering a promising avenue for the development of efficient and environmentally friendly extraction methods for obtaining valuable bioactive compounds from pomegranate processing by-products.