需要对基于溶血脂的热敏脂质体(LTSL)中温度触发的药物释放有更好的分子理解,以克服开发这种重要药物递送系统的近期挫折。以前,在溶血脂单硬脂酰溶血磷脂酰胆碱(MSPC)的洗涤剂样作用方面,增强的药物释放是合理的,稳定LTSL脂质融化后的局部膜缺陷。这是非常令人惊讶的,在这里被称为“lysolipid悖论”,\'因为洗涤剂通常会产生相反的效果-它们会在冻结时引起泄漏,不融化。这里,我们的目标是更好地回答(I)为什么lysolipid在凝胶相中储存LTSL时不会损害药物保留,(ii)在脂质融化后,溶血脂如何增强LTSLs的药物释放,以及(iii)为什么LTSL通常在一段时间后退火,使得并非所有药物都被释放。为此,我们通过差示扫描和压力扰动量热法研究了二棕榈酰磷脂酰胆碱(DPPC)和MSPC混合物的相变,并通过小角和广角X射线散射(SAXS和WAXS)确定了相结构。关键结果是LTSL,其中含有10摩尔%MSPC的标准量,当它们在约41°C熔化时释放货物时,它们处于共晶点。低于41°C的共晶由MSPC耗尽的凝胶相以及含有约30mol%MSPC的烃链叉指状凝胶相的小域组成。在这些交叉域中,lysolipid被安全地储存而不损害膜的完整性。在共晶温度下,MSPC耗尽的双层和叉指型MSPC富集的域立即融化成流体双层,分别。完整,流体膜对MSPC的耐受性比交叉域小得多─后者已经融化,高的局部MSPC含量会导致短暂的孔隙。这些孔允许快速药物释放。然而,这些毛孔消失了,当MSPC在膜上更均匀地分布时,膜再次密封,使得其局部浓度降低到孔稳定阈值以下。我们提供了DPPC-MSPC系统的伪二进制相图以及叉指相的结构和体积数据。
A better molecular understanding of the temperature-triggered drug release from lysolipid-based thermosensitive liposomes (LTSLs) is needed to overcome the recent setbacks in developing this important drug delivery system. Enhanced drug release was previously rationalized in terms of detergent-like effects of the lysolipid monostearyl lysophosphatidylcholine (MSPC), stabilizing local membrane defects upon LTSL lipid melting. This is highly surprising and here referred to as the \'lysolipid paradox,\' because detergents usually induce the opposite effect─they cause leakage upon freezing, not melting. Here, we aim at better answers to (i) why lysolipid does not compromise drug retention upon storage of LTSLs in the gel phase, (ii) how lysolipids can enhance drug release from LTSLs upon lipid melting, and (iii) why LTSLs typically anneal after some time so that not all drug gets released. To this end, we studied the phase transitions of mixtures of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and MSPC by a combination of differential scanning and pressure perturbation calorimetry and identified the phase structures with small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS and
WAXS). The key result is that LTSLs, which contain the standard amount of 10 mol % MSPC, are at a eutectic point when they release their cargo upon melting at about 41 °C. The eutectic present below 41 °C consists of a MSPC-depleted gel phase as well as small domains of a hydrocarbon chain interdigitated gel phase containing some 30 mol % MSPC. In these interdigitated domains, the lysolipid is stored safely without compromising membrane integrity. At the eutectic temperature, both the MSPC-depleted bilayer and interdigitated MSPC-rich domains melt at once to fluid bilayers, respectively. Intact, fluid membranes tolerate much less MSPC than interdigitated domains─where the latter have melted, the high local MSPC content causes transient pores. These pores allow for fast drug release. However, these pores disappear, and the membrane seals again as the MSPC distributes more evenly over the membrane so that its local concentration decreases below the pore-stabilizing threshold. We provide a pseudobinary phase diagram of the DPPC-MSPC system and structural and volumetric data for the interdigitated phase.