背景:Viscum属包括大约100种,主要分布在整个非洲,亚洲和欧洲。Viscum物种的提取物和制剂被广泛用作治疗风湿病和癌症的常见补充和替代药物。
目的:这篇综述旨在探索属于Viscum属的12种的药用特性,以用于潜在的治疗应用。
方法:我们收集了在线信息(包括PubMed,CNKI,谷歌学者,和WebofScience)从1915年1月到2021年4月,以及有关Viscum属12种中草药的经典书籍中的知识,包括彩色Viscumcoloratum(Kom.)Nakai,Viscum专辑L.,内脏刺骨烧伤。f.,清教徒Hayata,粘卵石DC。,眼花capellatumSm.,西伯前Boiss。,NudumDanser,ViscumangulatumB.HeyneexDC.,内脏结核A.Rich.,ViscummultinerveHayata,和HayataViscumdiospyrosicola.
结果:在12种Viscum物种中至少报告了250种不同的化合物,包括氨基酸和肽,生物碱,酚酸,黄酮类化合物,萜类化合物,碳水化合物,脂肪酸,脂质,和其他类型的化合物。特别是,用于彩色Viscumcoloratum(Kom.)Nakai和Viscum专辑L.,植物,准备工作,和生物活性成分已被彻底审查。这允许阐明活性成分的作用,包括凝集素,内脏毒素,黄酮类化合物,萜类化合物,酚酸,和多糖,在多种生物活性中,比如抗癌,抗风湿关节痛,抗炎,抗心血管疾病,增强免疫力,和抗化疗副作用。我们还评估了基于活性化合物的质量控制方法,体内接触化合物,和区分化学标记。
结论:这是第一份系统回顾药物发展历史的报告,化学成分,临床证据,药理活性,有区别的化学标记,体内暴露,对12种具有药用特性的Viscum植物进行质量控制。显著的安全性和有效性,随着轻微的副作用在诊所不断得到证实。因此,Viscum属是重要的药用资源,在未来的药理和化学研究中值得探索和开发。
BACKGROUND: The genus Viscum comprises approximately 100 species that are mainly distributed across Africa, Asia and Europe. The extracts and preparations of Viscum species are widely used as common complementary and alternative medicines in the treatment of rheumatism and cancer.
OBJECTIVE: This review aims to explore the medicinal properties of twelve species belonging to the genus Viscum for potential therapeutic applications.
METHODS: We collected online information (including PubMed, CNKI, Google Scholar, and Web of Science) from January 1915 to April 2021 and knowledge from classical books on Chinese herbal medicines available for 12 species of the genus Viscum, including Viscum coloratum (Kom.) Nakai, Viscum album L., Viscum articulatum Burm. f., Viscum liquidambaricola Hayata, Viscum ovalifolium DC., Viscum capitellatum Sm., Viscum cruciatum Sieber ex Boiss., Viscum nudum Danser, Viscum angulatum B.Heyne ex DC., Viscum tuberculatum A.Rich., Viscum multinerve Hayata, and Viscum diospyrosicola Hayata.
RESULTS: At least 250 different compounds have been reported across twelve Viscum species, including amino acid and peptides, alkaloids, phenolic acids, flavonoids, terpenoids, carbohydrates, fatty acids, lipids, and other types of compounds. In particular, for Viscum coloratum (Kom.) Nakai and Viscum album L., the plants, preparations, and bioactive components have been thoroughly reviewed. This has allowed to elucidate the role of active components, including lectins, viscotoxins, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenolic acids, and polysaccharides, in multiple bioactivities, such as anti-cancer, anti-rheumatism arthralgia, anti-inflammation, anti-cardiovascular diseases, enhancing immunity, and anti-chemotherapy side effects. We also evaluated quality control methods based on active compounds, in vivo exposure compounds, and discriminated chemical markers.
CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report to systematically review the pharmaceutical development history, chemical composition, clinical evidence, pharmacological activity, discriminated chemical markers, in vivo exposure, and quality control on twelve distinct species of Viscum plants with medicinal properties. The significant safety and efficacy, along with the minor side effects are constantly confirmed in clinics. The genus Viscum is thus an important medicinal resource that is worth exploring and developing in future pharmacological and chemical studies.