目的:本综述旨在总结来自不同国家的平均风险和高风险个体的不同结直肠癌指南。
方法:关于指南的全面文献检索,协商一致建议,或在过去10年内(2012年1月1日至2022年8月27日)发表的关于结直肠癌筛查的立场声明,是在EBSCOhost进行的,JSTOR,PubMed,ProQuest,Sage,和科学直接。
结果:本综述共纳入18条指南。大多数指南建议对平均风险个体进行45至75岁的筛查。关于高风险个体结直肠癌筛查的建议更加多样化,并且取决于风险因素。对于具有结直肠癌家族史或晚期结直肠息肉家族史的高危人群,筛查应该从40岁开始。一些经常建议的筛查方式按频率顺序是结肠镜检查,FIT,反恐委员会。此外,建议了几个筛查间隔,包括平均风险每10年进行一次结肠镜检查,高危人群每5-10年进行一次结肠镜检查,平均风险每年FIT,高风险个体每1-2年FIT,和反恐委员会每五年为所有个人。
结论:所有具有平均风险的个体应在45至75岁之间接受结直肠癌筛查。同时,风险较高的个人,比如那些有积极家族史的人,应该在40岁开始筛查。建议了几种推荐的筛查方式,包括平均风险每10年进行一次结肠镜检查,高风险每5-10年进行一次结肠镜检查,平均风险每年FIT,高风险每1-2年FIT,和反恐委员会每五年。
OBJECTIVE: This review aims to summarize the different colorectal cancer guidelines for average-risk and high-risk individuals from various countries.
METHODS: A comprehensive literature search regarding guidelines, consensus recommendations, or position statements about colorectal cancer screening published within the last 10 years (1st January 2012 to 27th August 2022), was performed at EBSCOhost, JSTOR, PubMed, ProQuest, SAGE, and ScienceDirect.
RESULTS: A total of 18 guidelines were included in this review. Most guidelines recommended screening between 45 and 75 years for average-risk individuals. Recommendations regarding colorectal cancer screening in high-risk individuals were more varied and depended on the risk factor. For high-risk individuals with a positive family history of colorectal cancer or advanced colorectal polyp, screening should begin at age 40. Some frequently suggested screening modalities in order of frequency are colonoscopy, FIT, and CTC. Furthermore, several screening intervals were suggested, including colonoscopy every 10 years for average-risk and every 5-10 years for high-risk individuals, FIT annually in average-risk and every 1-2 years in high-risk individuals, and CTC every five years for all individuals.
CONCLUSIONS: All individuals with average-risk should undergo colorectal cancer screening between 45 and 75. Meanwhile, individuals with higher risks, such as those with a positive family history, should begin screening at age 40. Several recommended screening modalities were suggested, including colonoscopy every 10 years in average-risk and every 5-10 years in high-risk, FIT annually in average-risk and every 1-2 years in high-risk, and CTC every five years.