在COVID-19大流行开始并在世界各地蔓延之后,各国采取了遏制措施来阻止其传播,限制死亡人数,并缓解医院因病毒而造成的紧张和压倒性的条件。许多国家实施了社会疏远和封锁战略,对其经济和公民的心理健康产生了负面影响。尽管他们为拯救生命做出了贡献。最近批准和可用,COVID-19疫苗可以为控制大流行提供真正可行和可持续的选择。然而,由于疫苗犹豫不决和后勤组织障碍,尽管媒体多次呼吁,它们的吸收代表了全球挑战,这些障碍使疫苗在几个发达国家的分销停滞不前,政策制定者和决策者,和社区领袖。疫苗分发也是发展中国家关注的问题,那里的剂量很少。本研究的目的是建立一个指标来评估疫苗接种的吸收,并确定影响该指标的国家社会经济因素。我们进行了一项跨国研究。我们首先通过对报告的每日病例数拟合逻辑模型来估计各国的疫苗接种率。利用吸收率,我们估计了疫苗推广指数。接下来,我们用随机森林,一种“现成的”机器学习算法,研究疫苗接种率与社会经济因素之间的关系。我们发现,平均疫苗推出指数为0.016(标准偏差0.016),范围在0.0001(海地)和0.0829(蒙古)之间。与疫苗推广指数相关的前四个因素是人均收入中位数,人类发展指数,在过去三个月中使用互联网的个人百分比,人均卫生支出。仍在持续的COVID-19大流行揭示了低收入和高收入国家在疫苗采用方面的差距,这代表了全球公共卫生挑战。我们必须为普遍获得疫苗和其他批准的治疗方法铺平道路,无论人口结构和潜在的健康状况。收入差距依然存在,相反,疫苗不公平的一个重要原因,这限制了全球疫苗分配框架的运作,因此,大流行的结束。需要更强有力的机制来促进各国在全球化社会中促进疫苗和药物获取公平的政治意愿,在全球化社会中,可以预见未来的流行病和其他全球健康危机。
After the start of the COVID-19 pandemic and its spread across the world, countries have adopted containment measures to stop its transmission, limit fatalities, and relieve hospitals from straining and overwhelming conditions imposed by the virus. Many countries implemented social distancing and lockdown strategies that negatively impacted their economies and the psychological wellbeing of their citizens, even though they contributed to saving lives. Recently approved and available, COVID-19 vaccines can provide a really viable and sustainable option for controlling the pandemic. However, their uptake represents a global challenge due to vaccine hesitancy and logistic-organizational hurdles that have made its distribution stagnant in several developed countries despite several appeals by the media, policy- and decision-makers, and community leaders. Vaccine distribution is also a concern in developing countries, where there is a scarcity of doses. The objective of the present study was to set up a metric to assess vaccination uptake and identify national socio-economic factors influencing this indicator. We conducted a cross-country study. We first estimated the vaccination uptake rate across countries by fitting a logistic model to reported daily case numbers. Using the uptake rate, we estimated the vaccine roll-out index. Next, we used Random Forest, an \"off-the-shelf\" machine learning algorithm, to study the association between vaccination uptake rate and socio-economic factors. We found that the mean vaccine roll-out index is 0.016 (standard deviation 0.016), with a range between 0.0001 (Haiti) and 0.0829 (Mongolia). The top four factors associated with the vaccine roll-out index are the median per capita income, human development index, percentage of individuals who have used the internet in the last three months, and health expenditure per capita. The still-ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has shed light on the disparity in vaccine adoption across low- and high-income countries, which represents a global public health challenge. We must pave the way for universal access to vaccines and other approved treatments, regardless of demographic structures and underlying health conditions. Income disparity remains, instead, an important cause of vaccine inequity, which restricts the functioning of the global vaccine allocation framework and, thus, the ending of the pandemic. Stronger mechanisms are needed to foster countries\' political willingness to promote vaccine and drug access equity in a globalized society where future pandemics and other global health crises can be anticipated.