背景:疫苗接种是对抗COVID-19的关键工具。然而,在许多情况下,尚不清楚COVID-19疫苗在普通人群中的可接受程度,或者犹豫与疾病获得的风险有什么关系。在这项研究中,我们在巴基斯坦进行了一项具有全国代表性的调查,以衡量COVID-19控制措施和疫苗接种计划背景下的疫苗接种观念和社会接触。
方法:我们对巴基斯坦五个省的3,658名受访者进行了疫苗认知和社会接触调查,2021年5月31日至6月29日。受访者被问及一系列疫苗认知问题,报告前一天进行的所有直接身体和非身体接触,以及有关COVID-19和控制措施的社会和经济影响的其他一些问题。我们研究了地理和人口因素在感知和接触模式上的变化。我们描述知识,COVID-19的经验和感知风险。我们通过个体特征和疫苗犹豫来探索接触模式的变化,并与非大流行时期的模式进行比较。
结果:自我报告对自我隔离指南的依从性较差,51%的受访者不知道在哪里可以访问COVID-19测试。尽管48.1%的参与者同意如果提供疫苗,他们会接种疫苗,疫苗犹豫高于以前的调查,在信德省和俾路支省以及社会经济地位较低的受访者中排名最高。参与者报告前一天的中位数为5次接触(IQR:3-5,平均14.0,95CI:13.2,14.9)。按个人特征报告的联系人数量没有实质性差异,但是,在报告或多或少疫苗犹豫的受访者中,接触者差异很大。联系人高度分类,尤其是在家庭之外,97%的男性与其他男性接触。我们估计社交联系比COVID-19大流行前低9%。
结论:尽管巴基斯坦普通人群的COVID-19感知风险较低,这项调查中约有一半的参与者表示,如果提供疫苗接种,他们将接种疫苗。疫苗影响研究没有考虑社会接触和疫苗犹豫之间的相关性,可能会错误地估计疫苗的影响,例如,如果未接种疫苗的人有更多的接触。
BACKGROUND: Vaccination is a key tool against COVID-19. However, in many settings it is not clear how acceptable COVID-19 vaccination is among the general population, or how hesitancy correlates with risk of disease acquisition. In this study we conducted a nationally representative survey in Pakistan to measure vaccination perceptions and social contacts in the context of COVID-19 control measures and vaccination programmes.
METHODS: We conducted a vaccine perception and social contact survey with 3,658 respondents across five provinces in Pakistan, between 31 May and 29 June 2021. Respondents were asked a series of vaccine perceptions questions, to report all direct physical and non-physical contacts made the previous day, and a number of other questions regarding the social and economic impact of COVID-19 and control measures. We examined variation in perceptions and contact patterns by geographic and demographic factors. We describe knowledge, experiences and perceived risks of COVID-19. We explored variation in contact patterns by individual characteristics and vaccine hesitancy, and compared to patterns from non-pandemic periods.
RESULTS: Self-reported adherence to self-isolation guidelines was poor, and 51% of respondents did not know where to access a COVID-19 test. Although 48.1% of participants agreed that they would get a vaccine if offered, vaccine hesitancy was higher than in previous surveys, and greatest in Sindh and Baluchistan provinces and among respondents of lower socioeconomic status. Participants reported a median of 5 contacts the previous day (IQR: 3-5, mean 14.0, 95%CI: 13.2, 14.9). There were no substantial differences in the number of contacts reported by individual characteristics, but contacts varied substantially among respondents reporting more or less vaccine hesitancy. Contacts were highly assortative, particularly outside the household where 97% of men\'s contacts were with other men. We estimate that social contacts were 9% lower than before the COVID-19 pandemic.
CONCLUSIONS: Although the perceived risk of COVID-19 in Pakistan is low in the general population, around half of participants in this survey indicated they would get vaccinated if offered. Vaccine impact studies which do not account for correlation between social contacts and vaccine hesitancy may incorrectly estimate the impact of vaccines, for example, if unvaccinated people have more contacts.