由于生活在富含微生物的水生环境中,鱼类的粘膜组织似乎比哺乳动物更重要。然而,在这些组织中,免疫和神经内分泌系统之间的复杂相互作用仍然难以捉摸。这项工作的目的是研究接种α疫苗(二价)的免疫虹鳟鱼的粘膜免疫反应,保存在淡水中(FW)或转移到海水中(SW),并评估他们对急性压力(追逐)的反应。急性应激导致较高水平的血浆皮质醇(假应激和疫苗应激)。在皮肤粘液中观察到类似的反应,但在疫苗+应激中与应激鱼相比更低。除了少数例外,在FW和SW的疫苗接种和应激鱼类的皮肤中,应激-免疫基因的转录谱中检测到最小的变化。在the中,应激引起关键应激免疫成分的激活(gr1,mr,β-ar,hsp70,c3,溶菌酶,α-烯醇化酶,nadph氧化酶,IL1β,il6,tnfα,il10和tgfβ1)在FW中,但是疫苗诱导的免疫变化较少(nadph氧化酶,il6,tnfα,il10和igt)在SW和FW中。在肠道里,疫苗激活了一系列免疫基因,特别是与B细胞相关的基因(igm,igt)和FW中的T细胞(cd8α),在SW中未观察到刺激。因此,我们对转录组粘膜反应的调查表明,疫苗赋予肠道的免疫保护在SW中受到调节。总的来说,我们的结果表明:i)血浆和皮肤粘液皮质醇未显示出长时间的SW适应所引起的额外应激反应,ii)粘膜组织之间的应激和免疫应答不同,这表明对特定抗原/应激源的组织特异性应答。Further,结果表明,与FW相比,SW中的全身免疫器官可能与感染事件有关(因为在SW中免疫鱼的粘膜屏障中观察到的变化很少)。
Mucosal tissues appear to be more important in fish than in mammals due to living in a microbial-rich aquatic milieu, yet the complex interaction between the immune and the neuroendocrine system in these tissues remains elusive. The aim of this work was to investigate the mucosal immune response in immunized rainbow trout vaccinated with Alpha ject
vaccine (bivalent), kept in fresh water (FW) or transferred to seawater (SW), and to evaluate their response to acute stress (chasing). Acute stress resulted in higher levels of plasma cortisol (Sham+Stress and
Vaccine+Stress). A similar response was observed in skin mucus, but it was lower in
Vaccine+Stress compared with stressed fish. With a few exceptions, minimal alterations were detected in the transcriptomic profile of stress-immune gene in the skin of vaccinated and stressed fish in both FW and SW. In the gills, the stress elicited activation of key stress-immune components (gr1, mr, β-ar, hsp70, c3, lysozyme, α-enolase, nadph oxidase, il1β, il6, tnfα, il10 and tgfβ1) in FW, but fewer immune changes were induced by the
vaccine (nadph oxidase, il6, tnfα, il10 and igt) in both SW and FW. In the intestine, an array of immune genes was activated by the
vaccine particularly those related with B cells (igm, igt) and T cells (cd8α) in FW with no stimulation observed in SW. Therefore, our survey on the transcriptomic mucosal response demonstrates that the immune protection conferred by the vaccine to the intestine is modulated in SW. Overall, our results showed: i) plasma and skin mucus cortisol showed no additional stress effect induced by prolonged SW acclimation, ii) the stress and immune response were different among mucosal tissues which indicates a tissue-specific response to specific antigens/stressor. Further, the results suggest that the systemic immune organs may be more implicated in infectious events in SW (as few changes were observed in the mucosal barriers of immunized fish in SW) than in FW.