背景:疫苗犹豫被认为是重大的公共卫生威胁,以延迟为特征,拒绝,或不愿接受疫苗接种,尽管他们的可用性。这项研究,旨在调查伊朗人接受助推器射击的意愿,拒绝率,以及他们首选的COVID-19疫苗类型。
方法:这项横断面研究是在2022年8月23日至9月22日的一个月内使用通过WhatsApp和Telegram在线社区分发的在线问卷进行的。问卷评估了参与者接受COVID-19加强疫苗接种的意愿,没有排除标准。使用SPSS版本16.0进行数据分析,使用t检验和卡方检验来评估连续变量和分类变量的双变量关联。建立了多变量逻辑回归模型,以检查健康信念模型(HBM)原则与COVID-19疫苗接种意图之间的关系。HosmerLemeshow拟合优度统计用于评估模型的拟合,p值>0.05表示拟合良好。
结果:这项调查被传播到1041名成年人,结果显示82.5%的参与者表示希望接受加强剂量。打算接种疫苗的参与者通常年龄较大(46.4±10.9),主要是女性(53.3%),单身(78.9%),接种过流感疫苗(45.8%)。调查结果表明,HBM项目,包括对COVID-19疾病的感知,COVID-19疫苗的感知益处,COVID-19安全/成本问题,COVID-19疫苗替代品的偏好,和COVID-19疫苗接种的亲社会规范,与疫苗接种犹豫不决的个体相比,打算接种疫苗的个体得分更高,具有统计学意义(p<0.05)。然而,“降低COVID-19风险的习惯”项目得分较高,但无统计学意义(p=0.167).
结论:对疫苗有效性缺乏信任等因素,对特定疫苗制造商的信任,对COVID-19疫苗副作用的担忧是最重要的因素之一。这些发现对国家疫苗接种政策有影响,强调卫生部门的决策者需要将这些因素作为至关重要的考虑因素,以确保疫苗接种的连续性,这是控制大流行的最重要战略之一。
BACKGROUND: Vaccine hesitancy is recognized as a significant public health threats, characterized by delays, refusals, or reluctance to accept vaccinations despite their availability. This study, aimed to investigate the willingness of Iranians to receive booster shots, refusal rate, and their preferred type of COVID-19 vaccine.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted over a month from August 23 to September 22, 2022 using an online questionnaire distributed through WhatsApp and Telegram online communities. The questionnaire assessed participants\' intent to accept COVID-19 booster vaccination and had no exclusion criteria. Data analysis involved using SPSS version 16.0, with t-tests and chi-square tests used to assess the bivariate association of continuous and categorical variables. A multivariate logistic regression model was built to examine the association between Health Belief Model (HBM) tenets and COVID-19 vaccination intent. The Hosmer Lemeshow Goodness of Fit statistic was used to assess the model\'s fit, with a p-value > 0.05 indicating a good fit.
RESULTS: The survey was disseminated to 1041 adults and the findings revealed that 82.5% of participants expressed a desire to receive the booster dose. Participants who intended to be vaccinated were generally older (46.4 ± 10.9), mostly female (53.3%), single (78.9%), had received a flu vaccine (45.8%). The findings indicated that the HBM items, including perception of COVID-19 disease, perceived benefits of COVID-19 vaccines, COVID-19 safety/cost concerns, preference of COVID-19 vaccine alternatives, and prosocial norms for COVID-19 vaccination, received higher scores among individuals intending to be vaccinated compared to vaccine-hesitant individuals, with statistical significance (p < 0.05). However, the \"COVID-19 risk-reduction habits\" item had a higher score but did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.167).
CONCLUSIONS: Factors such as lack of trust in the effectiveness of the vaccine, trust in specific vaccine manufacturers, and concerns about side effects of COVID-19 vaccine are among the most important factors. These findings have implications for national vaccination policies, emphasizing the need for policymakers in the health sector to address these factors as vital considerations to ensure the continuity of vaccination as one of the most important strategies for controlling the pandemic.