Tripleurospermum inodorum

  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    来自植物来源的新药的开发在现代药学中具有重要意义。引入药物的有希望的植物来源之一是Tripleurospermuminodorum(L.)Sch。Bip.,也被称为贯叶三叶草(Merat。)M.该植物已被证明具有各种生物活性,包括消炎药,抗菌,和抗真菌活性,在其他人中。然而,对现有文献的回顾表明,研究草本植物Tripleurospermuminodorum的化学成分的研究很少(L.)Sch。Bip.这项研究提出了一种获得草本植物Tripleurospermuminodorum提取物的方法的开发(L.)Sch。Bip.富含类黄酮,在开花和羽化之前收获。这项研究的重点是确定提取的最佳条件,包括萃取剂(乙醇)的浓度,提取时间,原料/萃取剂比例,提取频率,络合反应时间,氯化铝溶液的量,和稀释乙酸的量。结果表明,与羽化和开花期间收集的草药相比,在此特定时期收获的草药表现出更高的类黄酮含量。此外,这项研究表明,通过一小时的提取过程,类黄酮含量可以超过7%mgREq/100gD.W.。此外,在经过三分钟的超声辅助提取过程后,发现类黄酮含量为7.65±0.03mgREq/100gD.W.。其次是热提取。定性分析确定了提取物中的各种酚类化合物,如绿原酸,5-O-对-香豆酰基奎尼酸,1-O-对-香豆酰基奎尼酸,木犀草素-7-葡萄糖苷,槲皮素-3-葡萄糖苷,木犀草素-7-胡桃苷,3,5-O-二咖啡酰基奎尼酸,槲皮素-3-O-丙二酰葡萄糖苷,芹菜素-7-葡萄糖苷,木犀草素-3-丙二酰葡萄糖苷,cynarin,鼠李素-3-(O-二甲基鼠李糖基葡萄糖苷),和木犀草素.此外,这项研究证明了抗菌药物,抗炎,抗凝剂,反聚集,和抗氧化活性的含水醇提取物从T.inodorum草本植物(ETIH)对病原体,如金黄色葡萄球菌,大肠杆菌,和白色念珠菌.此外,该提取物对双氯芬酸钠具有相当的抗炎作用。这些发现有助于理解开发的草药提取物的潜在药理学应用。
    The development of new drugs derived from plant sources is of significant interest in modern pharmacy. One of the promising plant sources for introduction into pharmaceuticals is Tripleurospermum inodorum (L.) Sch. Bip., also known as Tripleurospermum perforatum (Merat.) M. This plant has been shown to possess various biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antimycotic activities, among others. However, a review of the current literature reveals a paucity of studies investigating the chemical composition of the herb Tripleurospermum inodorum (L.) Sch. Bip. This study presents the development of a method for obtaining an extract of the herb Tripleurospermum inodorum (L.) Sch. Bip. enriched with flavonoids, harvested before flowering and butonization. This study focused on determining the optimal conditions for extraction, including the concentration of the extractant (ethanol), extraction time, raw material/extractant ratio, extraction frequency, complexation reaction time, amount of aluminum chloride solution, and amount of diluted acetic acid. The results indicate that herbs harvested during this specific period exhibited a higher flavonoid content compared to those collected during butonization and flowering. Moreover, this study demonstrated that the flavonoid content could exceed 7% mg REq/100 g D.W. through a one-hour extraction process. Furthermore, the flavonoid content was found to be 7.65 ± 0.03 mg REq/100 g D.W. following a three-minute ultrasound-assisted extraction process, followed by thermal extraction. A qualitative analysis identified a variety of phenolic compounds in the extract, such as chlorogenic acid, 5-O-p-coumaroylquinic acid, 1-O-p-coumaroylquinic acid, luteolin-7-glucoside, quercetin-3-glucoside, luteolin-7-rutinoside, 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid, quercetin-3-O-malonylglucoside, apigenin-7-glucoside, luteolin-3-malonylglucoside, cynarin, rhamnetin-3-(O-dimethyl rhamnosyl glucosylglucoside), and luteolin. Moreover, this study demonstrated the antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, anti-aggregation, and antioxidant activities of the aqueous alcoholic extract from T. inodorum herb (ETIH) against pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. Additionally, the extract exhibited comparable anti-inflammatory effects on diclofenac sodium. These findings contribute to the understanding of the potential pharmacological applications of the developed herb extract.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    尽管最近针对各种物种的细胞类型接触区进行了大量研究,多倍体进化的某些方面仍然知之甚少。对于自发的新多倍体化的频率和成功率或倍性共存的时间动力学尤其如此,需要大量倍性筛选和重复观察,分别。为了填补这个空白,在广泛的一年生杂草Tripleurospermuminodorum(菊科)中,对倍性共存的时空模式进行了广泛的研究。
    使用DNA流式细胞术和确认染色体计数来评估来自1209个中欧种群的11018个成年个体和1263个异位发芽幼苗的倍性水平。倍性筛选在三个空间尺度上进行,并辅以对37个混合倍性种群的时间发展的观察。
    二倍体和四倍体细胞类型之间的接触区具有弥漫性,马赛克状结构,可实现从人口内部到景观级别的常见细胞类型共存。两种细胞类型之间单倍体基因组大小的显着差异使得新四倍体突变体与长期建立的四倍体容易区分。新四倍体极为罕见(0·03%),并单独出现。总共发现了五个倍性水平(2x-6x)和几个非整倍体;在个体发育早期(幼苗)和来自混合倍性种群的个体中,核DNA含量的多样性最高。尽管混合倍性种群的细胞型频率发生了深刻的时间振荡,二倍体和四倍体通常持续到最后一次人口普查。
    二倍体和四倍体通常在所有空间尺度上共存,并且在局部倍性混合物中表现出相当大的时间稳定性。含有可育三倍体杂种的混合倍性种群可能是细胞遗传学新颖性的有效产生者,并可能促进倍性基因流。新多倍体突变体无法在本地建立。
    Despite the recent wealth of studies targeted at contact zones of cytotypes in various species, some aspects of polyploid evolution are still poorly understood. This is especially the case for the frequency and success rate of spontaneous neopolyploidization or the temporal dynamics of ploidy coexistence, requiring massive ploidy screening and repeated observations, respectively. To fill this gap, an extensive study of spatio-temporal patterns of ploidy coexistence was initiated in the widespread annual weed Tripleurospermum inodorum (Asteraceae).
    DNA flow cytometry along with confirmatory chromosome counts was employed to assess ploidy levels of 11 018 adult individuals and 1263 ex situ germinated seedlings from 1209 Central European populations. The ploidy screening was conducted across three spatial scales and supplemented with observations of temporal development of 37 mixed-ploidy populations.
    The contact zone between the diploid and tetraploid cytotypes has a diffuse, mosaic-like structure enabling common cytotype coexistence from the within-population to the landscape level. A marked difference in monoploid genome size between the two cytotypes enabled the easy distinction of neotetraploid mutants from long-established tetraploids. Neotetraploids were extremely rare (0·03 %) and occurred solitarily. Altogether five ploidy levels (2 x -6 x ) and several aneuploids were discovered; the diversity in nuclear DNA content was highest in early ontogenetic stages (seedlings) and among individuals from mixed-ploidy populations. In spite of profound temporal oscillations in cytotype frequencies in mixed-ploidy populations, both diploids and tetraploids usually persisted up to the last census.
    Diploids and tetraploids commonly coexist at all spatial scales and exhibit considerable temporal stability in local ploidy mixtures. Mixed-ploidy populations containing fertile triploid hybrids probaby act as effective generators of cytogenetic novelty and may facilitate inter-ploidy gene flow. Neopolyploid mutants were incapable of local establishment.
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