Lung cancer persistently leads as the primary cause of morbidity and mortality among malignancies. A notable increase in the prevalence of lung adenocarcinoma has become evident in recent years. Although targeted therapies have shown in treating certain subsets of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC), a significant proportion of patients still face suboptimal therapeutic outcomes. Neuregulin-1 (NRG1), a critical member of the NRG gene family, initially drew interest due to its distribution within the nascent ventricular endocardium, showcasing an exclusive presence in the endocardium and myocardial microvessels. Recent research has highlighted NRG1\'s pivotal role in the genesis and progression across a spectrum of tumors, influencing molecular perturbations across various tumor-associated signaling pathways. This review provides a concise overview of NRG1, including its expression patterns, configuration, and fusion partners. Additionally, we explore the unique features and potential therapeutic strategies for NRG1 fusion-positive occurrences within the context of NSCLC.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the most common and severe clinical renal syndromes with high morbidity and mortality. Ferroptosis is a form of programmed cell death (PCD), is characterized by iron overload, reactive oxygen species accumulation, and lipid peroxidation. As ferroptosis has been increasingly studied in recent years, it is closely associated with the pathophysiological process of AKI and provides a target for the treatment of AKI. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the regulatory mechanisms of ferroptosis, summarizes its role in various AKI models, and explores its interaction with other forms of cell death, it also presents research on ferroptosis in AKI progression to other diseases. Additionally, the review highlights methods for detecting and assessing AKI through the lens of ferroptosis and describes potential inhibitors of ferroptosis for AKI treatment. Finally, the review presents a perspective on the future of clinical AKI treatment, aiming to stimulate further research on ferroptosis in AKI.

Diabetes mellitus, a chronic metabolic disease, often leads to numerous chronic complications, significantly contributing to global morbidity and mortality rates. High glucose levels trigger epigenetic modifications linked to pathophysiological processes like inflammation, immunity, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, senescence and various kinds of cell death. Despite glycemic control, transient hyperglycemia can persistently harm organs, tissues, and cells, a latent effect termed \"metabolic memory\" that contributes to chronic diabetic complications. Understanding metabolic memory\'s mechanisms could offer a new approach to mitigating these complications. However, key molecules and networks underlying metabolic memory remain incompletely understood. This review traces the history of metabolic memory research, highlights its key features, discusses recent molecules involved in its mechanisms, and summarizes confirmed and potential therapeutic compounds. Additionally, we outline in vitro and in vivo models of metabolic memory. We hope this work will inform future research on metabolic memory\'s regulatory mechanisms and facilitate the development of effective therapeutic compounds to prevent diabetic complications.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has historically been a significant global health concern, profoundly impacting both life and well-being. In the process of CKD, with the gradual loss of renal function, the incidence of various life-threatening complications, such as cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular accident, infection and stroke, is also increasing rapidly. Unfortunately, existing treatments exhibit limited ability to halt the progression of kidney injury in CKD, emphasizing the urgent need to delve into the precise molecular mechanisms governing the occurrence and development of CKD while identifying novel therapeutic targets. Renal fibrosis, a typical pathological feature of CKD, plays a pivotal role in disrupting normal renal structures and the loss of renal function. Ferroptosis is a recently discovered iron-dependent form of cell death characterized by lipid peroxide accumulation. Ferroptosis has emerged as a potential key player in various diseases and the initiation of organ fibrosis. Substantial evidence suggests that ferroptosis may significantly contribute to the intricate interplay between CKD and its progression. This review comprehensively outlines the intricate relationship between CKD and ferroptosis in terms of iron metabolism and lipid peroxidation, and discusses the current landscape of pharmacological research on ferroptosis, shedding light on promising avenues for intervention. It further illustrates recent breakthroughs in ferroptosis-related regulatory mechanisms implicated in the progression of CKD, thereby providing new insights for CKD treatment. Video Abstract.

OBJECTIVE: Using a commercial orthodontic treatment planning system, tooth movements were simulated to analyse how precise predefined movements can be determined by three different superimposition methods. Additionally, a retrospective analysis on clinical patient models before and after orthodontic treatment was performed to analyse possible differences in determination of clinical tooth movements with these methods.
METHODS: (1) A hexapod system was used to perform the tooth movements in physical maxillary dental models (N = 70). The initial and final situations were scanned, superimpositions executed, movements calculated, and their accuracy compared to the predefined movements was determined. (2) Digital three-dimensional (3D) maxillary dental models representing pre- and postorthodontic treatment situations (N = 100 patients) were superimposed. Selected tooth movements were calculated (N = 3600), and the results of the different superimposition methods were compared pairwise.
RESULTS: (1) The experimental study delivered only small location and scale shifts. Furthermore, concordance correlation coefficients above 0.99 for all three methods. This verified that all methods deliver values corresponding well to the predefined movements. (2) The retrospective analysis of the clinically performed orthodontic tooth movements comparing pairwise the three different methods intraindividually also showed small location and scale shifts. Furthermore, concordance correlation coefficients between 0.68 and 0.98 were observed, with only three of them below 0.8. This verified that the applied superimposition methods delivered values sufficiently close to each other.
CONCLUSIONS: As the experimental study showed very good agreement between the predefined and determined movements, and as the retrospective clinical study showed that the methods compared pairwise delivered values close to each other for the performed orthodontic tooth movements, it can be concluded that orthodontic tooth movements can be determined adequately correct by each of the examined methods.
UNASSIGNED: ZIELSETZUNG: Mittels eines kommerziellen Behandlungsplanungssystems wurden Zahnbewegungen simuliert, um zu analysieren, wie präzise vorgegebene Bewegungen mittels 3 verschiedener Überlagerungsmethoden ermittelt werden können. Zusätzlich wurde eine retrospektive Analyse mit Patientenmodellen durchgeführt, um zu analysieren, ob es Unterschiede zwischen diesen Methoden bei der Bestimmung klinischer Zahnbewegungen gibt.
METHODS: (1) Mithilfe eines Hexapodsystems wurden definierte Zahnbewegungen in Oberkiefermodellen durchgeführt (n = 70). Ausgangs- und Endposition der Zähne wurden gescannt, Überlagerungen durchgeführt, die Bewegungen errechnet und deren Übereinstimmung mit den vorgegebenen Bewegungen ermittelt. (2) Digitale 3‑D-Modelle des Oberkiefers vor und nach durchgeführten kieferorthopädischen Behandlungen (n = 100 Patienten) wurden überlagert, ausgewählte Bewegungen berechnet (n = 3600) und die Ergebnisse der verschiedenen Überlagerungsmethoden paarweise verglichen. ERGEBNISSE: (1) Die experimentelle Studie ergab lediglich kleine Ortsverschiebungen und Maßstabsänderungen. Die Konkordanz-Korrelationskoeffizienten lagen für alle 3 Verfahren über 0,99. Dies verifizierte, dass alle drei Methoden Werte liefern, die gut zu den vorgegebenen Bewegungen passen. (2) Die retrospektive Analyse der kieferorthopädischen Zahnbewegungen mittels intraindividueller paarweiser Vergleiche der unterschiedlichen Methoden zeigte ebenfalls kleine Ortsverschiebungen und Maßstabsänderungen, sowie Konkordanz-Korrelationsoeffizienten zwischen 0,68–0,98, mit nur dreien unter 0,8. Dies verifizierte, dass alle Überlagerungsmethoden hinreichend nahe beieinander liegende Werte liefern.
UNASSIGNED: Da die experimentelle Studie eine gute Übereinstimmung zwischen den vorgegebenen und den ermittelten Bewegungen zeigte und da die retrospektive Studie beim paarweisen Vergleich der Methoden nahe beieinander liegende Werte für die kieferorthopädischen Zahnbewegungen lieferte, kann geschlussfolgert werden, dass kieferorthopädische Zahnbewegungen mit jeder der untersuchten Methoden hinreichend korrekt ermittelt werden können.

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the most common and severe microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus (DM), and has become the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide. Although the exact pathogenic mechanism of DKD is still unclear, programmed cell death has been demonstrated to participate in the occurrence and development of diabetic kidney injury, including ferroptosis. Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of cell death driven by lipid peroxidation, has been identified to play a vital role in the development and therapeutic responses of a variety of kidney diseases, such as acute kidney injury (AKI), renal cell carcinoma and DKD. In the past two years, ferroptosis has been well investigated in DKD patients and animal models, but the specific mechanisms and therapeutic effects have not been fully revealed. Herein, we reviewed the regulatory mechanisms of ferroptosis, summarized the recent findings associated with the involvement of ferroptosis in DKD, and discussed the potential of ferroptosis as a promising target for DKD treatment, thereby providing a valuable reference for basic study and clinical therapy of DKD.

Partial-thickness cartilage defects (PTCDs) of the articular surface is the most common problem in cartilage degeneration, and also one of the main pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). Due to the lack of a clear diagnosis, the symptoms are often more severe when full-thickness cartilage defect (FTCDs) is present. In contrast to FTCDs and osteochondral defects (OCDs), PTCDs does not injure the subchondral bone, there is no blood supply and bone marrow exudation, and the nearby microenvironment is unsuitable for stem cells adhesion, which completely loses the ability of self-repair. Some clinical studies have shown that partial-thickness cartilage defects is as harmful as full-thickness cartilage defects. Due to the poor effect of conservative treatment, the destructive surgical treatment is not suitable for the treatment of partial-thickness cartilage defects, and the current tissue engineering strategies are not effective, so it is urgent to develop novel strategies or treatment methods to repair PTCDs. In recent years, with the interdisciplinary development of bioscience, mechanics, material science and engineering, many discoveries have been made in the repair of PTCDs. This article reviews the current status and research progress in the treatment of PTCDs from the aspects of diagnosis and modeling of PTCDs, drug therapy, tissue transplantation repair technology and tissue engineering (\"bottom-up\").

Acute kidney injury (AKI), a common and serious clinical kidney syndrome with high incidence and mortality, is caused by multiple pathogenic factors, such as ischemia, nephrotoxic drugs, oxidative stress, inflammation, and urinary tract obstruction. Cell death, which is divided into several types, is critical for normal growth and development and maintaining dynamic balance. Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent nonapoptotic type of cell death, is characterized by iron overload, reactive oxygen species accumulation, and lipid peroxidation. Recently, growing evidence demonstrated the important role of ferroptosis in the development of various kidney diseases, including renal clear cell carcinoma, diabetic nephropathy, and AKI. However, the exact mechanism of ferroptosis participating in the initiation and progression of AKI has not been fully revealed. Herein, we aim to systematically discuss the definition of ferroptosis, the associated mechanisms and key regulators, and pharmacological progress and summarize the most recent discoveries about the role and mechanism of ferroptosis in AKI development. We further conclude its potential therapeutic strategies in AKI.

In the United States, the high dropout rate (75%) in opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment among women and racial/ethnic minorities calls for understanding factors that contribute to making progress in treatment. Whereas counseling and medication for OUD (MOUD, e.g. methadone, buprenorphine, naltrexone) is considered the gold standard of care in substance use disorder (SUD) treatment, many individuals with OUD receive either counseling or methadone-only services. This study evaluates gender disparities in treatment plan progress in methadone- compared to counseling-based programs in one of the largest SUD treatment systems in the United States.
Multi-year and multi-level (treatment program and client-level) data were analyzed using the Integrated Substance Abuse Treatment to Eliminate Disparities (iSATed) dataset collected in Los Angeles County, California. The sample consisted of 4 waves: 2011 (66 SUD programs, 1035 clients), 2013 (77 SUD programs, 3686 clients), 2015 (75 SUD programs, 4626 clients), and 2017 (69 SUD programs, 4106 clients). We conducted two multi-level negative binomial regressions, one per each outcome (1) making progress towards completing treatment plan, and (2) completing treatment plan. We included outpatient clients discharged on each of the years of the study (over 95% of all clients) and accounted for demographics, wave, homelessness and prior treatment episodes, as well as clients clustered within programs.
We detected gender differences in two treatment outcomes (progress and completion) considering two outpatient program service types (MOUD-methadone vs. counseling). Clients who received methadone vs. counseling had lower odds of completing their treatment plan (OR = 0.366; 95% CI = 0.163, 0.821). Female clients receiving methadone had lower odds of both making progress (OR = 0.668; 95% CI = 0.481, 0.929) and completing their treatment plan (OR = 0.666; 95% CI = 0.485, 0.916) compared to male clients and receiving counseling. Latina clients had lower odds of completing their treatment plan (OR = 0.617; 95% CI = 0.408, 0.934) compared with non-Latina clients.
Clients receiving methadone, the most common and highly effective MOUD in reducing opioid use, were less likely to make progress towards or complete their treatment plan than those receiving counseling. Women, and in particular those identified as Latinas, were least likely to benefit from methadone-based programs. These findings have implications for health policy and program design that consider the need for comprehensive and culturally responsive services in methadone-based programs to improve outpatient treatment outcomes among women.

Introduction Outcome Questionnaire (OQ) measure is becoming a more popular assessment tool for monitoring treatment progress in psychiatry at different settings including inpatient and outpatient settings. It can also be used in non-clinical populations. However, little is known about the evaluation of this tool in the Adult Partial Hospital Program (PHP). Methods We conducted a study among patients in an Adult PHP where we extracted data from the OQ analysis program recorded for patients from January 1, 2015 to July 31st, 2020. Results We studied a total of 742 patients among which 509 (68.4%) were males. The mean age was 38.58 ± 14.86 years. Most of the patients had depressive disorder (56.9%). The mean numbers of days on admission were 17.37 ± 25.29 days. There is a consistent decrease in the total score average OQ score from initial to final measure with the year 2019 being 31.99 followed by 2017 (30.05) then 2020 (29.56) then 2015/2016 (28.38) and 2018 (27.27) p < 0.001. Also, for treatment progress it was observed that in years 2015/2016, there was significant improvement in 71.67% of the patients; in 2017, there was significant improvement in 78.53% of the patients; in 2018, there was significant improvement in 77.71% of the patients; while in 2019, there was significant improvement in 76.05% of the patients, and in 2020, there was significant improvement in 70.18% of the patients. Conclusion The direct benefit of the OQ measure to patients is to provide objective measurements of assessing clinical improvement or deterioration in the treatment progress of their clinical condition. Our study has proved that this is a useful tool to assess such in the Adult PHP.