在水产养殖网围栏上的生物污染社区中繁荣昌盛的Cnidarian由于其刺痛的细胞而对养殖的有鳍鱼类构成了重大的健康风险。与鱼接触的毒素,在净清洁期间,会对他们的行为产生不利影响,福利,和生存,对the有特别严重的健康风险,引起直接组织损伤,如血栓形成和增加继发感染的风险。水样上钩喉是北欧最常见的污损生物之一。然而,尽管经济意义重大,环境,以及对鳍鱼水产养殖的运营影响,该物种的生物学信息很少,其毒液成分从未被研究过。在这项研究中,我们产生了一个完整的喉肠转录组,并鉴定了其推定的表达毒液毒素蛋白(预测的毒素蛋白,未功能表征)基于计算机转录组注释挖掘和蛋白质序列分析。结果揭示了该水样物种的推定毒素蛋白的广泛多样。它的有毒武器库似乎包括广泛而复杂的毒素蛋白,涵盖了在毒化中起重要作用的大量潜在生物学功能。在这个物种中确定的假定毒素,比如神经毒素,GTP酶毒素,金属蛋白酶毒素,离子通道损害毒素,出血性毒素,丝氨酸蛋白酶毒素,磷脂酶毒素,成孔毒素,多功能毒素可能会对猎物造成各种主要的有害影响,捕食者,和竞争对手。这些结果为刺胞动物的毒液组成提供了有价值的新见解,和有毒的海洋生物,并为进一步研究新的和有价值的生物活性分子提供了新的机会,农艺学和生物技术。
Cnidarians thriving in biofouling communities on aquaculture net pens represent a significant health risk for farmed finfish due to their stinging cells. The toxins coming into contact with the fish, during net cleaning, can adversely affect their behavior, welfare, and survival, with a particularly serious health risk for the gills, causing direct tissue damage such as formation of thrombi and increasing risks of secondary infections. The hydroid Ectopleura larynx is one of the most common fouling organisms in Northern Europe. However, despite its significant economic, environmental, and operational impact on finfish aquaculture, biological information on this species is scarce and its venom composition has never been investigated. In this study, we generated a whole transcriptome of E. larynx, and identified its putative expressed venom toxin proteins (predicted toxin proteins, not functionally characterized) based on in silico transcriptome annotation mining and protein sequence analysis. The results uncovered a broad and diverse repertoire of putative toxin proteins for this hydroid species. Its toxic arsenal appears to include a wide and complex selection of toxin proteins, covering a large panel of potential biological functions that play important roles in envenomation. The putative toxins identified in this species, such as neurotoxins, GTPase toxins, metalloprotease toxins, ion channel impairing toxins, hemorrhagic toxins, serine protease toxins, phospholipase toxins, pore-forming toxins, and multifunction toxins may cause various major deleterious effects in prey, predators, and competitors. These results provide valuable new insights into the venom composition of cnidarians, and venomous marine organisms in general, and offer new opportunities for further research into novel and valuable bioactive molecules for medicine, agronomics and biotechnology.