目的:本研究旨在(1)描述2003-2019年爱沙尼亚镇静剂和镇静剂(TS)滥用的趋势,以及(2)分析TS滥用与解释因素之间的关联(感知获得TS,TS的医疗用途,家庭相关,朋友相关的,学校相关因素,风险行为和休闲时间体育活动)。
方法:横断面研究。
方法:数据来自爱沙尼亚2003年至2019年的欧洲学校酒精和其他药物调查项目(ESPAD)。
方法:15-16岁的爱沙尼亚学童(n=11328),48.6%是男孩。
方法:患病率,TS误用的粗OR和调整OR,CI为95%。
结果:终生TS滥用的患病率从2003年(男孩为5.0%,女孩为12.6%)到2019年(11.3%和17.5%,分别)(p<0.001)。在男孩中,在2003-2019年报告使用TS的患者中,TS滥用从21.1%显著增加到41.4%(p=0.006)。TS的医疗使用使男孩的误用几率增加了6.89(95%CI为5.15至9.24),女孩的误用几率增加了4.53(95%CI为3.58至5.73)。感觉容易获得TS使男孩的误用几率增加了6.57(95%CI4.13至10.46)倍,女孩的误用几率增加了4.66(95%CI3.25至6.70)倍。有许多滥用TS的朋友,男孩的滥用几率增加了3.27(95%CI2.16至4.95)倍,女孩的滥用几率增加了5.07(95%CI3.79至6.77)倍。此外,在吸烟和从事较少运动的青少年中,TS滥用的几率较高.
结论:从2003年到2019年,爱沙尼亚青少年中TS滥用的患病率显着增加。滥用与医疗使用密切相关,感知容易访问和朋友\'TS误用。这些发现强调了有针对性的预防策略的必要性,包括改善处方实践,限制TS访问和促进青少年之间的健康行为和积极的同伴关系。
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to (1) to describe trends of tranquilliser and sedative (TS) misuse in Estonia during 2003-2019 and (2) to analyse the associations between TS misuse and explanatory factors (perceived access to TS, medical use of TS, family-related, friends-related, school-related factors, risk behaviour and leisure time physical activity).
METHODS: A cross-sectional study.
METHODS: Data were collected from the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD) from 2003 to 2019 in Estonia.
METHODS: Estonian schoolchildren aged 15-16 years old (n=11 328), 48.6% were boys.
METHODS: Prevalence, crude and adjusted ORs with 95% CIs for TS misuse.
RESULTS: The prevalence of lifetime TS misuse significantly increased from 2003 (5.0% of boys and 12.6% of girls) to 2019 (11.3% and 17.5%, respectively) (p<0.001). Among boys, TS misuse increased significantly among those reporting medical use of TS from 21.1% to 41.4% in 2003-2019 (p=0.006). Medical use of TS multiplied the odds of misuse by 6.89 (95% CI 5.15 to 9.24) for boys and by 4.53 (95% CI 3.58 to 5.73) for girls. Perceived easy access to TS increased the odds of misuse by 6.57 (95% CI 4.13 to 10.46) times for boys and by 4.66 (95% CI 3.25 to 6.70) times for girls. Having many friends who misuse TS increased the odds of misuse by 3.27 (95% CI 2.16 to 4.95) times for boys and by 5.07 (95% CI 3.79 to 6.77) times for girls. Furthermore, higher odds of TS misuse were observed among adolescents who smoked cigarettes and engaged in less sports.
CONCLUSIONS: TS misuse prevalence among Estonian adolescents increased significantly from 2003 to 2019. Misuse was strongly associated with medical use, perceived easy access and friends\' TS misuse. These findings emphasise the need for targeted prevention strategies, including improving prescription practices, limiting TS access and promoting healthy behaviours and positive peer relationships among adolescents.