背景:气管切开术是气道管理中的常规程序。没有标准的脱环法;然而,两种常用的方法是气管造口术缩小尺寸和间歇性封盖,这两者都伴随着多次到诊所就诊,并增加了患者的不适。在这里,我们探讨了纤维支气管镜在新型单级拔管方案中的应用。
方法:我们对符合拔管条件的气管造口术患者进行了回顾性研究。对自发通气≥48h的患者进行纤维支气管镜检查,年龄≥18岁,血流动力学稳定性,胸部X光片正常,充足的吞咽,有效咳嗽,足够的意识,专利说阀门,并且没有反复误吸的病史。气管切开术是在评估气道并排除气管软化后进行的,支气管炎伴狭窄,阻塞性肉芽组织,和中度至重度狭窄。我们记录了患者的人口统计和临床信息,以及他们拔管后课程的细节。
结果:在58例气管造口术切除患者中,我们从研究中排除了6名患者(10.3%),因为,尽管成功断奶的临床指征,他们表现出异常,中断了脱管过程。在剩下的52名患者中,50人(96.1%)成功断奶,而两个人在住院期间需要重新插入。33例(63.5%)患者的支气管镜检查结果不明显,最常见的异常是5例(9.6%)患者的声带运动不足和5例(9.6%)患者的肉芽组织形成。出院后无需进一步的气道管理。
结论:我们的研究介绍了单阶段支气管镜拔管的创新方法,作为立即拔管的潜在有益工具。根据我们的经验,单阶段气管造口术和支气管镜检查后,我们取得了相对满意的结果.该方法在提供有价值的气道见解和预测可能的脱气管失败方面显示出希望。需要进一步的研究来评估其对患者和外科医生减轻压力的影响,与传统技术相比,它的优越性,它对医疗保健的长期影响,及其潜在的成本效益。
BACKGROUND: Tracheostomy decannulation is a routine procedure in airway management. There is no standard decannulation method; however, the two commonly practiced approaches are tracheostomy downsizing and intermittent capping, which are both accompanied by multiple visits to the clinic and increase patient discomfort. Herein, we explore fiberoptic bronchoscopy application in a novel single-stage decannulation protocol.
METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study on tracheostomy patients eligible for decannulation. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy was performed on patients with spontaneous ventilation for ≥48 h, age ≥18, hemodynamic stability, normal chest X-ray, adequate swallowing, effective cough, adequate consciousness, patent speaking valve, and absent history of recurrent aspiration. Tracheostomy removal occurred after evaluating the airway and ruling out tracheomalacia, tracheitis with stenosis, obstructive granulation tissue, and moderate-to-severe stenosis. We documented patients\' demographic and clinical information, along with details of their post-decannulation course.
RESULTS: Out of 58 patients admitted for tracheostomy removal, we excluded six patients (10.3%) from the study because, despite clinical indications for successful weaning, they exhibited abnormalities that interrupted the decannulation process. Of the remaining 52 patients, 50 (96.1%) were successfully weaned off, while two needed reinsertion during their hospital course. Bronchoscopy findings were unremarkable in 33 (63.5%) patients, and the most frequently observed abnormalities were paucity of vocal cord movement in 5 (9.6%) patients and granulation tissue formation in 5 (9.6%) patients. No further airway management was necessary after discharge.
CONCLUSIONS: Our study introduces the innovative approach of single-stage bronchoscopic decannulation as a potentially beneficial tool for immediate decannulation. Based on our experience, we achieved a relatively satisfactory outcome following single-stage tracheostomy decannulation with bronchoscopy. The approach shows promise in providing valuable airway insights and predicting possible decannulation failures. Further research is needed to evaluate its impact on stress reduction for patients and surgeons, its superiority compared to traditional techniques, its long-term effects on healthcare, and its potential cost-effectiveness.