虾是镉(Cd)污染的不可忽视的受害者,并且仍然缺乏减轻虾中Cd毒性的策略。蜡样芽孢杆菌,具有显著的重金属(HM)耐受性和螯合效应,是一种代表性的有益细菌,需要研究以减轻Cd暴露的毒性。本研究通过对虾生长性能的分析,揭示了蜡样芽孢杆菌在减轻对虾慢性Cd毒性中的作用和潜在机制。肝胰腺Cd积累,病理学,以及凡纳滨对虾的综合肝胰腺转录组学和代谢组学。结果表明,对虾的生长受到抑制,与慢性Cd处理组相比,蜡样芽孢杆菌+慢性Cd组的肝胰腺Cd积累和生理结构损伤得到有效缓解。与氨基酸代谢有关的途径,糖脂代谢,免疫反应,蜡样芽孢杆菌+慢性Cd组抗氧化应激显著激活,包括糖酵解,戊糖磷酸途径,氧化磷酸化,氨基酸的生物合成,不饱和脂肪酸的生物合成途径。关键的差异表达基因(例如,巨噬细胞移动抑制因子,甘氨酸裂解系统H蛋白,甘氨酸脱氢酶,磷酸葡萄糖变位酶-2,天冬酰胺酶,ATP合酶亚基,细胞色素c,和4-羟基苯基丙酮酸双加氧酶)和代谢物(例如,L-亮氨酸,D-核糖,葡萄糖酸,6-磷酸葡萄糖酸,去甲庚糖7-磷酸,1-Kestose,甘油酸,花生酸,前列腺素,与上述途径相关的12-酮-四氢-白三烯B4和γ-谷氨酰半胱氨酸)显着改变。这项研究表明,蜡样芽孢杆菌是治疗虾慢性Cd中毒的有效缓解剂。蜡样芽孢杆菌可能通过增强其抗氧化性能而起到缓解Cd毒性的作用,免疫防御能力,代谢稳定性,和对虾的能量需求调节。该研究为蜡样芽孢杆菌在减轻对虾Cd毒性方面的研究提供了参考材料,拓宽了益生菌在治疗HM毒性方面的应用。
Shrimp are non-negligible victims of cadmium (Cd) contamination, and there is still a lack of strategies for mitigating Cd toxicity in shrimp. Bacillus cereus, with its significant heavy metal (HM) tolerance and chelating effects, is a representative beneficial bacterium to be investigated for mitigating the toxicity of Cd exposure. This study revealed the effects and potential mechanisms of B. cereus in mitigating chronic Cd toxicity in shrimp by analyzing growth performance, hepatopancreatic Cd accumulation, pathology, as well as comprehensive hepatopancreatic transcriptomics and metabolomics in Litopenaeus vannamei. The results showed that shrimp\'s growth inhibition, hepatopancreatic Cd accumulation and physiological structure damage in B. cereus+chronic Cd group were effectively alleviated compared with the chronic Cd treatment group. The pathways related to amino acid metabolism, glycolipid metabolism, immune response, and antioxidant stress were significantly activated in the B. cereus+chronic Cd group, including glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phosphorylation, biosynthesis of amino acids, and biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids pathways. The key differentially expressed genes (e.g., macrophage migration inhibitory factor, glycine cleavage system H protein, glycine dehydrogenase, phosphoglucomutase-2, asparaginase, ATP synthase subunit, cytochrome c, and 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase) and metabolites (e.g., L-leucine, D-ribose, gluconic acid, 6-Phosphogluconic acid, sedoheptulose 7-phosphate, 1-Kestose, glyceric acid, arachidic acid, prostaglandins, 12-Keto-tetrahydro-leukotriene B4, and gamma-glutamylcysteine) associated with the above pathways were significantly altered. This study demonstrated that B. cereus is an effective mitigator for the treatment of chronic Cd poisoning in shrimp. B. cereus may play a role in alleviating the toxicity of Cd by enhancing the antioxidant performance, immune defense ability, metabolic stability, and energy demand regulation of shrimp. The study provides reference materials for the study of B. cereus in alleviating Cd toxicity of shrimp and broadens the application of probiotics in treating HM toxicity.