使用系统科学方法来理解复杂的环境和人类健康关系正在增加。高级数据集的要求,模型,和专业知识限制了许多环境和公共卫生从业人员目前对这些方法的应用。
针对北卡罗来纳州各县的儿童应用了系统概念模型,其中包括儿童物理环境的示例指标(家庭年龄,布朗菲尔德遗址,超级基金网站),社会环境(照顾者的收入,教育,insurance),和健康(低出生体重,哮喘,血铅水平)。基于网络的毒理学优先指数(ToxPi)工具用于标准化数据,对由此产生的脆弱性指数进行排名,并可视化县中每个指标的影响。基于相似的ToxPi模型结果,使用层次聚类将北卡罗来纳州的100个县分类成组。每个县的ToxPi图也叠加在5岁以下县人口百分比图上,以可视化全州脆弱性集群的空间分布。
此系统模型的数据驱动聚类表明有5组国家。一组包括6个脆弱性得分最高的县,显示出来自所有三类指标的强大影响(社会环境,物理环境,和健康)。第二组包含15个县,这些县的脆弱性得分很高,这是受自然环境中的家庭年龄和社会环境中的贫困的强烈影响。第三组是由物理环境中Superfund网站的数据驱动的。
该分析展示了如何使用系统科学原理,利用公开可用的数据和计算工具综合决策的整体见解。以儿童环境健康为例。在更传统的简化方法可以阐明环境变量与健康之间的个体关系的地方,集体的研究,全系统的互动可以深入了解导致区域脆弱性的因素和更好地解决复杂的现实条件的干预措施。
The use of systems science methodologies to understand complex environmental and human health relationships is increasing. Requirements for advanced datasets, models, and expertise limit current application of these approaches by many environmental and public health practitioners.
A conceptual system-of-systems model was applied for children in North Carolina counties that includes example indicators of children\'s physical environment (home age, Brownfield sites, Superfund sites), social environment (caregiver\'s income, education, insurance), and health (low birthweight, asthma, blood lead levels). The web-based Toxicological Prioritization Index (
ToxPi) tool was used to normalize the data, rank the resulting vulnerability index, and visualize impacts from each indicator in a county. Hierarchical clustering was used to sort the 100 North Carolina counties into groups based on similar
ToxPi model results. The
ToxPi charts for each county were also superimposed over a map of percentage county population under age 5 to visualize spatial distribution of vulnerability clusters across the state.
Data driven clustering for this systems model suggests 5 groups of counties. One group includes 6 counties with the highest vulnerability scores showing strong influences from all three categories of indicators (social environment, physical environment, and health). A second group contains 15 counties with high vulnerability scores driven by strong influences from home age in the physical environment and poverty in the social environment. A third group is driven by data on Superfund sites in the physical environment.
This analysis demonstrated how systems science principles can be used to synthesize holistic insights for decision making using publicly available data and computational tools, focusing on a children\'s environmental health example. Where more traditional reductionist approaches can elucidate individual relationships between environmental variables and health, the study of collective, system-wide interactions can enable insights into the factors that contribute to regional vulnerabilities and interventions that better address complex real-world conditions.