背景:毛衣可用于牦牛在高原的恶劣环境中生活。此外,提高牦牛的头发产量是其纺织工业发展的必要条件。毛发从毛囊(HFs)生长。HFs在出生后经历周期性生长,并受到复杂的基因调控网络的调控。然而,天祝白牦牛HFs再生的分子机制尚不清楚。RNA编辑是调节基因表达并产生新转录本的转录后机制。因此,我们研究了A-to-IRNA编辑事件对天祝白牦牛高频周期的影响。
结果:我们最终从天祝白牦牛HFs循环的RNA测序数据中确定了54,707个腺苷到肌苷(A到I)RNA编辑位点(RES)。成果注解RESs惹起7个已知基因的错义氨基酸变更。202个A到I编辑位点改变了140个microRNA的23个靶基因。在天祝白牦牛的HFs周期中,总共鉴定出1,722个差异RESs。GO和KEGG富集分析揭示了几种信号通路和GO术语涉及皮肤发育,头发生长,和HFs循环。如具有差异RNA编辑水平的基因在过氧化物酶体中显著富集,代谢途径,Notch信号通路,和PPAR信号通路。此外,HFs发育相关基因FAS的编辑位点,APCDD1,WWOX,MPZL3,RUNX1,KANK2,DCN,DSC2,LEPR,HEPHL1和PTK2B被认为是涉及HFs发育的潜在RESs。
结论:这项研究调查了牦牛皮肤组织的HFs周期中的全局A到IRNA编辑事件,并扩展了HFs周期中A到IRNA编辑的知识。此外,这项研究表明,受RNA编辑影响的基因可能通过参与HFs发育相关途径来调节HFs周期。这些发现可能为头发生长中RNA编辑的调控提供了新的见解。
BACKGROUND: The hair coat is available for the yak to live in the harsh environment of the plateau. Besides, improving the hair production of yak is necessary for its textile industry development. Hair grows from hair follicles (HFs). The HFs undergo periodic growth after birth and are regulated by the complex gene regulatory network. However, the molecular mechanism of HFs regeneration in the Tianzhu white yak remains unclear. RNA editing is a post-transcriptional mechanism that regulates gene expression and produces new transcripts. Hence, we investigated the influence of the A-to-I RNA editing events on the HFs cycle of the Tianzhu white yak.
RESULTS: We finally identified 54,707 adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing sites (RESs) from RNA sequencing data of the HFs cycle in the Tianzhu white yak. Annotation results showed RESs caused missense amino acid changes in 7 known genes. And 202 A-to-I editing sites altered 23 target genes of 140 microRNAs. A total of 1,722 differential RESs were identified during the HFs cycle of Tianzhu white yak. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis revealed several signaling pathways and GO terms involved skin development, hair growth, and HFs cycle. Such as genes with differential RNA editing levels were significantly enriched in the peroxisome, metabolic pathways, Notch signaling pathway, and PPAR signaling pathway. Besides, the editing sites in HFs development-related genes FAS, APCDD1, WWOX, MPZL3, RUNX1, KANK2, DCN, DSC2, LEPR, HEPHL1, and PTK2B were suggested as the potential RESs involving HFs development.
CONCLUSIONS: This study investigated the global A-to-I RNA editing events during the HFs cycle of yak skin tissue and expanded the knowledge of A-to-I RNA editing on the HFs cycle. Furthermore, this study revealed that RNA editing-influenced genes may regulate the HFs cycle by participating in the HFs development-related pathways. The findings might provide new insight into the regulation of RNA editing in hair growth.