%0 Journal Article
%T On the temperature and emissivity of torrefied biomass and coal in group particle combustion.
%A Yao Y
%A Panahi A
%A Schiemann M
%A Levendis YA
%J Bioresour Technol
%V 406
%N 0
%D 2024 Jun 26
%M 38942214
%F 11.889
%R 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131040
%X This laboratory study reports results on the group particle combustion of pulverized bituminous coal and various types of torrefied biomass. Combustion of particle streams in a drop tube furnace in air was concurrently monitored by a spectrometer and an electronic camera to obtain spectral emissivities and temperatures. As particle number density (PND) increased, biomass particles became more prone than coal to group combustion. Spectral emissivities increased with increasing PND from 0.2 to 0.4 for coal and from 0.1 to 0.3 for biomass, in the wavelength domain of λ = 600-1000 nm. Emissivities changed little with wavelength, giving credence to the gray body assumption. Particle cloud temperatures were in the range of 1650-1900 K, depending on PND, type of fuel, and location in the cloud; temperatures decreased with increasing PND. The radiative heat of the particle laden flames was predominantly attributed to burning chars in the flames and it increased with increasing PND.