肠粘膜是人体中分泌抗体(Ab)的浆细胞(PC)的最大群体,每天产生几克的免疫球蛋白A(IgA)。IgA有很多功能,作为保护粘膜上皮免受病原体侵害的一线屏障,毒素和食物抗原(Ag),塑造肠道微生物群,调节宿主共生稳态。共生定植诱导的信号是调节IgA诱导的核心,维护,在新生儿和无菌(GF)动物中,IgA()PC的定位和功能以及数量显着减少。最近的证据表明,在稳态和感染期间,IgA()PC稳态需要先天免疫效应分子肿瘤坏死因子α(TNFα)和诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)。此外,PC独立于Ab分泌的新功能不断涌现,这表明PC,包括IgA(+)PC,应在炎症和感染的情况下重新检查。这里,我们概述了IgA(+)PC产生和存活的机制,回顾他们在健康和疾病中的功能。
The intestinal mucosa harbors the largest population of antibody (Ab)-secreting plasma cells (PC) in the human body, producing daily several grams of immunoglobulin A (IgA). IgA has many functions, serving as a first-line barrier that protects the mucosal epithelium from pathogens, toxins and food antigens (Ag), shaping the intestinal microbiota, and regulating host-commensal homeostasis. Signals induced by commensal colonization are central for regulating IgA induction, maintenance, positioning and function and the number of IgA(+) PC is dramatically reduced in neonates and germ-free (GF) animals. Recent evidence demonstrates that the innate immune effector molecules tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) are required for IgA(+) PC homeostasis during the steady state and infection. Moreover, new functions ascribed to PC independent of Ab secretion continue to emerge, suggesting that PC, including IgA(+) PC, should be re-examined in the context of inflammation and infection. Here, we outline mechanisms of IgA(+) PC generation and survival, reviewing their functions in health and disease.