铁(Fe)由于其广泛应用而被认为是最重要的元素之一。近年来,人们对Fe催化作为有机合成中贵金属催化的可持续且具有成本效益的替代品的兴趣日益浓厚。铁的丰度和低毒性,再加上其竞争性反应性和选择性,强调其对可持续合成的吸引力。使用与铝硅酸盐等载体系统杂化的氧化铁的非均相催化剂已经进行了许多催化反应,粘土碳化材料,金属氧化物或聚合物基体。本文综述了铁催化有机转化反应的最新进展。突出的领域包括交叉偶联反应,C-H活化,不对称催化,和级联过程,展示了Fe在一系列合成方法中的多功能性。重点放在机械论的见解上,阐明控制铁催化反应的基本原理。讨论了该领域的挑战和机遇,为未来的研究工作提供路线图。总的来说,这篇综述阐明了铁催化在推动有机化学创新和可持续性方面的变革潜力,对药物发现有影响,材料科学,和超越。
Iron (Fe) is considered to be one of the most significant elements due to its wide applications. Recent years have witnessed a burgeoning interest in Fe catalysis as a sustainable and cost-effective alternative to noble metal catalysis in organic synthesis. The abundance and low toxicity of Fe, coupled with its competitive reactivity and selectivity, underscore its appeal for sustainable synthesis. A lot of catalytic reactions have been performed using heterogeneous catalysts of Fe oxide hybridized with support systems like aluminosilicates, clays, carbonized materials, metal oxides or polymeric matrices. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in Fe-catalyzed organic transformation reactions. Highlighted areas include cross-coupling reactions, C-H activation, asymmetric catalysis, and cascade processes, showcasing the versatility of Fe across a spectrum of synthetic methodologies. Emphasis is placed on mechanistic insights, elucidating the underlying principles governing iron-catalyzed reactions. Challenges and opportunities in the field are discussed, providing a roadmap for future research endeavors. Overall, this review illuminates the transformative potential of Fe catalysis in driving innovation and sustainability in organic chemistry, with implications for drug discovery, materials science, and beyond.