As global warming\'s impact on humanity surpasses initial predictions, numerous countries confront heightened risks associated with escalating urban carbon footprints. Concurrently, digital finance has flourished, propelled by advancements in digital technology. This convergence underscores the urgency of exploring digital finance\'s role in mitigating urban carbon footprint pressures. This study analyzes data spanning 277 Chinese cities from 2011 to 2020, yielding several key findings: Firstly, we developed a dataset detailing the carbon footprint pressures in these cities, revealing that variations in these pressures predominantly correlate with economic growth. Secondly, our analysis indicates that digital finance has a significant impact on reducing urban carbon footprint pressures, through mechanisms such as reducing the number of physical bank branches and enhancing residents\' environmental awareness. Thirdly, the study identifies that the efficacy of digital finance in reducing carbon footprint pressures varies according to factors like sunshine duration and geographic location. The insights from this research aim to contribute substantively to strategies for sustainable urban development.

UNASSIGNED: This study aimed to analyze myopia distribution in Hubei and the impact of regional Sunshine Duration on myopia in children and adolescents.
UNASSIGNED: The Cross-sectional study included students (kindergarten to grade 12) through multistage cluster stratified sampling in 17 cities (103 areas) of Hubei, China, who underwent ophthalmic examinations from September 2021 to November 2021. The association of sunshine duration with the prevalence and distribution of myopia was analyzed. Using Moran\'s index to quantify the distribution relationship, a spatial analysis was constructed.
UNASSIGNED: A total of 435,996 students (53.33% male; mean age, 12.16±3.74 years) were included in the study. A negative association was identified between myopia prevalence and sunshine duration in the region, especially in population of primary students (r=-0.316, p<0.001). Each 1-unit increment in the sunshine duration was associated with a decreased risk of myopia prevalence (OR=0.996; 95% CI, 0.995-0.998; P <0.001). Regression showed a linear relationship between sunshine duration and myopia rates of primary school students [Prevalence%= (-0.1331*sunshine duration+47.73)%, p = 0.02]. Sunshine duration influenced the distribution of myopia rates among primary (Moran\'s I=-0.206, p<0.001) and junior high school (Moran\'s I=-0.183, p=0.002). Local spatial analysis showed that areas with low sunshine duration had high myopia prevalence concentration.
UNASSIGNED: This study revealed sunshine duration associations with myopia prevalence at the regional and population levels. The results may emphasize the significance of promptly implementing myopia control in regions with poor sunshine. The effect of sunshine on myopia is pronounced in the early years of education, especially in primary students.

BACKGROUND: Children with obesity have low 25 hydroxy-vitamin D (25-OH-D3) levels compared to lean children. Recommendations on when to start vitamin D supplementation differ largely between countries. Longitudinal data on 25-OH-D3 levels to guide treatment decisions are scarce since they are largely influenced by solar radiation and are difficult to compare.
METHODS: We carried out a retrospective analysis of multiple 25-OH-D3 and parathyroid hormone (PTH) measurements in a cohort of 543 patients without vitamin D supplementation. All measurements were taken at the local paediatric obesity clinic as documented in the German-Austrian-Swiss APV (Prospective Documentation of Overweight Children and Adolescents) registry from 2009 to 2019. Serial 25-OH-D3 and PTH levels were adjusted for sunshine duration over the last 30 days to account for seasonal variation, as well as for sex and body mass index (BMI). We further performed an exploratory analysis of the association of sunshine duration, sex, BMI SDS (standard deviation score), abnormal lipid levels or dysglycemia with the 25-OH-D3 trend.
RESULTS: 229 obese patients (mean BMI SDS: 2,58 (± 0,56), 53% females, mean age: 12 (± 3) years, range: 2-21 years) with two, 115 with three and 96 with four repeated 25-OH-D3 measurements were identified. Mean adjusted 25-OH-D3 (48.2 nmol/l) and PTH (34.9 ng/l) levels remained stable over 120 weeks. 5% of the patients had an elevated PTH > 65 ng/l. High total cholesterol ≥ 200 mg/dl and high triglycerides ≥ 130 mg/dl were associated with higher 25-OH-D3 levels.
CONCLUSIONS: We propose a simple method to include sunshine duration in the analysis of 25-OH-D3 levels to minimise the bias of seasonal variation. Based on our data we established the pragmatic strategy of limiting vitamin D supplementation to patients with biochemical signs of mineralisation disorders such as elevated PTH and alkaline phosphatase (AP). In children with normal PTH and AP we recommend adjustment of calcium intake and increase of outdoor activity instead.

The current lack of information on past summer sunshine duration variability from annually resolved palaeoclimatological archives is hindering progress in the understanding and modelling of the earth climate system. We show that a combination of tree-ring carbon and oxygen isotopes from Siberia provides robust information on summer sunshine duration, which we use for an annual 1505-year reconstruction of July sunshine duration variability (1,5K-SIB-JSDR). We found that the Medieval maximum is 56 % higher than the average over 1505 years. Rapid and drastic decreases in sunshine duration up to 60 % correspond to major stratospheric volcanic eruptions. Grand Solar Minima and total sunspot numbers are also well preserved in the 1,5K-SIB-JSDR. Coherency with a global air temperature composite and spring Arctic Oscillation indicate that a large-scale climate signal is retained in our sunshine reconstruction.

Cork spot-like physiological disorder (CSPD) is a newly identified issue in \'Kurenainoyume\' apples, yet its mechanism remains unclear. To investigate CSPD, we conducted morphological observations on \'Kurenainoyume\' apples with and without pre-harvest fruit-bagging treatment using light-impermeable paper bags. Non-bagged fruit developed CSPD in mid-August, while no CSPD symptoms were observed in bagged fruit. The bagging treatment significantly reduced the proportion of opened lenticels, with only 17.9% in bagged fruit compared to 52.0% in non-bagged fruits. In non-bagged fruit, CSPD spots tended to increase from the lenticels, growing in size during fruit development. The cuticular thickness and cross-sectional area of fresh cells in CSPD spots were approximately 16 µm and 1600 µm², respectively. Healthy non-bagged fruit reached these values around 100 to 115 days after full bloom from mid- to late August. Microscopic and computerized tomography scanning observations revealed that many CSPD spots developed at the tips of vascular bundles. Therefore, CSPD initiation between opened lenticels and vascular bundle tips may be influenced by water stress, which is potentially caused by water loss, leading to cell death and the formation of CSPD spots.

UNASSIGNED: mortality rates are usually influenced by the variations of environmental factors. However, there are few studies on the impact of sunlight duration induced mortality. In this study, we examine provincial level associations between the sunshine duration and crude mortality rates.
UNASSIGNED: we use China mortality data from the National Bureau of Statistics of China combined with China census data and data from the China Meteorological Data Service Centre. Annual mortality rates for 31 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities in China from 2005 to 19. Data are analyzed at the provincial level by using panel regression methods. The main outcome measures are the mortality rates associated with average daily sunshine duration. Then we perform a series of sentimental analyses.
UNASSIGNED: the average daily sunshine duration ratio cubed is positively associated with provincial level mortality rates (β = 11.509, 95% confidence interval 1.869 to 21.148). According to this estimate, increasing 2.895 h of additional daily sunshine is associated with an estimated 1.15% increase in the crude mortality rates. A series of sensitivity analyses show a consistent pattern of associations between average daily sunshine duration ratio cubed and mortality rates.
UNASSIGNED: more sunshine duration is associated with increased mortality rates. While the associations documented cannot be assumed to be causal, they suggest a potential association between increased sunshine duration and increased mortality rates.

Strawberries are appreciated by consumers for their characteristic taste and health benefits, which enhance their demand throughout the year. Everbearing strawberries can produce fruits for a longer period and could thus meet this demand, but the fruit quality depends on environmental factors and the cultivar. This study focused on the effect of environmental conditions on the physical attributes and the composition of everbearing Capri cultivar fruit harvested from the end of June to the end of October. A positive correlation was observed between temperature and organic acid content (r = 0.87), and a positive correlation was observed between sunshine duration, anthocyanin (r = 0.87) and phenolic compound contents (r = 0.89). Additionally, the composition of sugars was affected by the environmental conditions. While strawberries harvested towards the end of October, when lower temperatures predominated, were larger in size and had a higher sugar/acid ratio, fruit harvested in the middle of August, when there were longer periods of sunshine, had higher anthocyanin and phenolic compound contents. In conclusion, strawberries with higher sugar/acid ratios are obtained when temperatures are lower, while strawberries exposed to longer periods of sunshine are richer in health-promoting compounds.

BACKGROUND: Although studies have explored the relationship between sunshine duration and schizophrenia, the evidence was ambiguous. Different built environments may alter the effect of sunlight on schizophrenia, thus the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of built environments on the sunshine duration-schizophrenia association.
METHODS: Daily schizophrenia hospitalizations data during 2017-2020 in Hefei\'s main urban area, China, and corresponding meteorological factors as well as ambient pollutants were collected. The impact of sunshine duration on schizophrenia admissions in urban areas was investigated using a generalized additive model combined with a distributed lagged nonlinear model. Additionally, the various modifying effects of different Building Density, Building Height, Normalized Vegetation Index, and Nighttime Light were also explored between sunshine duration and schizophrenia.
RESULTS: We observed that inadequate sunshine duration (<5.3 h) was associated with an increase in schizophrenia hospital admissions, with a maximum relative risk of 1.382 (95 % confidence interval (CI): 1.069-1.786) at 2.9 h. In turn, adequate sunshine duration reduced the risk of schizophrenia hospitalizations. Subgroup analyses indicated females and old patients were particularly vulnerable. In the case of insufficient sunshine duration, significant positive effects were noticed on schizophrenia risk at High-Building Density and High-Nighttime Light. Higher NDVI as well as Building Height were found to be associated with lower risks of schizophrenia.
CONCLUSIONS: Given that sunshine duration in various built environments might lead to distinct effects on schizophrenia hospitalizations. Our findings assist in identifying vulnerable populations that reside in particular areas, thus suggesting policymakers provide advice to mitigate the onset of schizophrenia by allocating healthcare resources rationally and avoiding adverse exposures to vulnerable populations timely.

The phenological response to climate change differs among species. We examined the beginning of flowering of the common snowdrop (Galanthus nivalis) in connection with meteorological variables in Czechia in the period 1923-2021. The long-term series were analyzed from phenological and meteorological stations of the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute (CHMI). Temporal and spatial evaluation (using Geographic Information System) in timing of beginning of flowering (BBCH 61) of G. nivalis was investigated under urban and rural settings. Furthermore, the detailed analysis of selected meteorological variables to onset of G. nivalis flowering was performed. Moreover, the trends (using Mann-Kendall test) and Pearson\'s correlation coefficients between phenological phase and meteorological variable were calculated. The main finding of this study was that the trend of the beginning of flowering of the common snowdrop during the studied period (1923-2021) is negative, and it varies in urban and rural environments. The results showed most significant acceleration of the beginning of flowering of G. nivalis by - 0.20 day year-1 in urban area and by - 0.11 day year-1 in rural area. Above that, a major turning point occurred between 1987 and 1988 (both, in phenological observations and meteorological variables), and the variability of the beginning of flowering is significantly higher in the second period 1988-2021. On top of, the study proved that the beginning of flowering of G. nivalis closely correlated with number of days with snow cover above 1 cm (December-March) at both types of stations (urban and rural), and with mean air temperature in February, maximum air temperature in January, and minimum air temperature in March. The Mann-Kendall test showed a reduction in the number of days with snow cover above 1 cm (December-March) during 99 years period at Klatovy station (a long-term time series) by - 0.06 day year-1, i.e., by - 5.94 days per the whole period. Conversely, air temperatures increase (maximum and minimum air temperature by 0.03 °C year-1 (2.97 °C per the whole period) and average air temperature by 0.02 °C year-1 (1.98 °C per the whole period)). Thus, our results indicate significant changes in the beginning of flowering of G. nivalis in Czechia as a consequence of climate change.

While the associations among ambient pollutants and various pregnancy complications are well documented, the effect of ambient pollutants on intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) has not been examined. This study aimed to explore the effects of ambient pollutants and sunshine duration on ICP.
The study enrolled 169,971 pregnant women who delivered between 2015 and 2020 in two hospitals. The associations between ICP and exposure to ambient pollutants and sunshine duration, averaged throughout different periods (including the 3 months before conception, 1st trimester and 2nd trimester), were estimated using a generalized linear model. The interaction effects of ambient pollutants and sunshine duration on ICP were estimated.
The fitted curves for ICP incidence were similar to the temporal trends of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, CO and NO2 but not that of O3. The risk of ICP was significantly elevated following a 10-μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 (aOR [adjusted odds ratio] = 1.057, 95% CI [confidence interval]: 1.017-1.099) and PM10 (aOR = 1.043, 95% CI: 1.013-1.074) and a 1-h decrease in sunshine duration (aOR = 1.039, 95% CI: 1.011-1.068) during the 3 months before conception. In the second trimester, a 1-μg/m3 increase in the concentration of SO2 was associated with an increased risk of ICP (aOR = 1.011, 95% CI: 1.001-1.021). Increased concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 had interactive effects with reduced sunshine duration during the 3 months before conception on increasing the risk of ICP.
Exposure to PM2.5 and PM10 during the 3 months before conception and exposure to SO2 in the second trimester were associated with an increased ICP risk. Reduced sunshine duration had an interactive effect with increased concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 during the 3 months before conception on the occurrence of ICP.