邢阳硫酸厂附近的地下水,河南,从七个不同的地点对中国进行了采样,以探索抗生素抗性基因(ARGs)和移动遗传元件(MGEs)的患病率。结果表明,基因aadA,BlaCTX-M,tetA,qnrA,和sul1以100%的频率检测,然后是aac(6')-Ib(85.71%),ermB(85.71%),和tetX(71.42%)。最丰富的ARGs是LSA2中的sul1(1.15×1011拷贝/mL),LSA6中的tetA(4.95×1010拷贝/mL),AAA在LSA2(4.56×109拷贝/毫升),BlaCTX-M在LSA4中(1.19×109拷贝/mL),和ermB在LSA5中(1.07×109拷贝/mL)。此外,在LSA2中,作为1类整合子的标记的intl1作为MGE的一部分出现为最丰富的基因(2.25×1011拷贝/mL),ISR1跟踪(1.57×109拷贝/mL)。环境因素解释了81.34%的ARG变化,intl2和blaCTX-M基因之间具有很强的正相关,以及ISCR1基因和qnrA,tetA,intl2和blaCTX-M.此外,intI1基因与aadA有很强的正相关,tetA,和sul1基因。此外,aac(6')-Ib基因与As相关,Pb,Mg,Ca,和HCO3-。intl2基因也被证明与Cd密切相关。值得注意的是,网络分析强调blaCTX-M是至少五个属的网络中最常见的基因。特别是,乳酸菌,Plesiomonas,和Ligilactacillus证明了与AadA的相关性,qnrA,BlaCTX-M,intI2和ISCR1。基于16SrRNA测序,优势门是变形杆菌,Firmicutes,拟杆菌,酸杆菌,和放线菌,优势属包括假单胞菌属,小杆菌,亚足,Vogesella,链球菌,Plesiomonas,和费氏病菌.这些发现增强了我们对地下水中ARG分布的理解,发出ARG的大量污染和对公共卫生的潜在风险的信号。
Groundwater near a sulfuric acid plant in Xingyang, Henan, China was sampled from seven distinct sites to explore the prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and mobile genetic elements (MGEs). Results showed that genes aadA, blaCTX-M, tetA, qnrA, and sul1 were detected with 100% frequency followed by aac(6\')-Ib (85.71%), ermB (85.71%), and tetX (71.42%). Most abundant ARGs were sul1 in LSA2 (1.15 × 1011 copies/mL), tetA in LSA6 (4.95 × 1010 copies/mL), aadA in LSA2 (4.56 × 109 copies/mL), blaCTX-M in LSA4 (1.19 × 109 copies/mL), and ermB in LSA5 (1.07 × 109 copies/mL). Moreover, in LSA2, intl1 as a marker of class 1 integron emerged as the most abundant gene as part of MGE (2.25 × 1011 copies/mL), trailed by ISCR1 (1.57 × 109 copies/mL). Environmental factors explained 81.34% of ARG variations, with a strong positive correlation between the intl2 and blaCTX-M genes, as well as the ISCR1 gene and qnrA, tetA, intl2, and blaCTX-M. Furthermore, the intI1 gene had a strong positive connection with the aadA, tetA, and sul1 genes. Moreover, the aac(6\')-Ib gene was associated with As, Pb, Mg, Ca, and HCO3-. The intl2 gene was also shown to be strongly associated with Cd. Notably, network analysis highlighted blaCTX-M as the most frequently appearing gene across networks of at least five genera. Particularly, Lactobacillus, Plesiomonas, and Ligilactobacillus demonstrated correlations with aadA, qnrA, blaCTX-M, intI2, and ISCR1. Based on 16S rRNA sequencing, the dominant phyla were Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, Acidobacteriota, and Actinobacteriota, with dominant genera including Pseudomonas, Ligilactobacillus, Azoarcus, Vogesella, Streptococcus, Plesiomonas, and Ferritrophicum. These findings enhance our understanding of ARG distribution in groundwater, signaling substantial contamination by ARGs and potential risks to public health.