妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)患病率在全球范围内呈上升趋势。据我们所知,仅在护士健康研究II中对软饮料消费作为发生GDM的危险因素进行了具体评估。
根据SUN项目中的软饮料消费量调查GDM的发生率。
“纳瓦拉大学Seguimiento”(SUN)项目是一个前瞻性和动态队列,其中包括在1999年12月至2012年3月期间至少有一次怀孕的3396名妇女的数据。使用经过验证的136项半定量食物频率问卷来评估软饮料的消费量。建立了四类含糖软饮料(SSSD)和无糖软饮料(DSD)消费(份数):很少或从不(<1/月),低(1-3/月),中等(>3/月和≤1/周)和高(≥2/周)。通过非条件逻辑回归模型调整潜在的混杂因素。
在随访期间,我们确定了172例GDM事件。在调整了年龄之后,基线体重指数,糖尿病家族史,吸烟,总能量摄入,身体活动,奇偶校验,快餐消费,坚持地中海饮食模式,酒精摄入量,多胎妊娠,基线时心血管疾病/高血压,纤维摄入量,在特殊饮食和零食之后,SSSD消耗与GDM事件风险增加显著相关,最高和中级类别的多变量调整后优势比(OR)为2.03(95%置信区间[CI]:1.25-3.31)和1.67(95%CI:1.01-2.77),分别,与最低类别(线性趋势的p:0.006)。相反,DSD消费与GDM发病率(校正后OR:0.82;95%CI:0.52-1.31)在最高和最低类别(p为线性趋势:0.258)。额外的敏感性分析没有改变结果。
怀孕前较高的SSSDs消费是GDM的独立危险因素,然而,DSD消费与GDM风险之间未观察到相关性.
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) prevalence is increasing worldwide. To the best of our knowledge the specific evaluation of soft drink consumption as a risk factor for developing GDM has only been conducted in the Nurses\' Health Study II.
To investigate the incidence of GDM according to soft drink consumption in the SUN project.
The \"Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra\" (SUN) project is a prospective and dynamic cohort which included data of 3396 women who notified at least one pregnancy between December 1999 and March 2012. A validated 136-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to assess soft drink consumption. Four categories of sugar-sweetened soft drink (SSSD) and diet soft drink (DSD) consumption (servings) were established: rarely or never (<1/month), low (1-3/month), intermediate (>3/month and ≤1/week) and high (≥2/week). Potential confounders were adjusted through non-conditional logistic regression models.
During the follow-up, we identified 172 incident cases of GDM. After adjusting for age, baseline body mass index, family history of diabetes, smoking, total energy intake, physical activity, parity, fast-food consumption, adherence to Mediterranean dietary pattern, alcohol intake, multiple pregnancy, cardiovascular disease/hypertension at baseline, fiber intake, following special diet and snacking, SSSD consumption was significantly associated with an increased risk of incident GDM, with multivariable adjusted odds ratios (OR) of 2.03 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.25-3.31) and 1.67 (95% CI: 1.01-2.77) for the highest and intermediate categories, respectively, versus the lowest category (p for linear trend: 0.006). Conversely, DSD consumption was not associated with GDM incidence (adjusted OR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.52-1.31) for the highest versus the lowest category (p for linear trend: 0.258). Additional sensitivity analyses did not change the results.
Higher consumption of SSSDs before pregnancy was an independent risk factor for GDM, however, no association was observed between DSD consumption and GDM risk.