骨软骨损伤,影响关节软骨和下面的软骨下骨,在临床治疗中提出了重大挑战。这样的缺陷,常见于膝关节和踝关节,从小的局部病变到较大的缺陷。当前的医学治疗遇到了几个挑战,比如捐赠者短缺,药物副作用,高成本,和拒绝问题,往往导致暂时的救济。高度多孔乳液模板化聚合物(聚HIPEs)在组织工程和再生医学支架的制造中提供了许多潜在的好处。使用高内相乳液(HIPE)技术合成的聚合物支架,叫做PolyHIPEs,包括聚合围绕分散内相的连续相以形成固体,泡沫状结构。一个密集的,多孔设计促进细胞向内生长,营养输送,以及脚手架中的废物处理,模仿细胞的自然微环境。本研讨用甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEMA)和丙烯酰胺(AAM)的聚HIPE支架联合细胞外基质(ECM)构成的组织,如甲基丙烯酸酯化透明质酸(MHA)和甲基丙烯酸酯化硫酸软骨素(MCS),制备聚HIPE支架。将小鼠前成骨细胞MC3T3-E1细胞和原代大鼠软骨细胞(从雄性Wistar大鼠收获)接种在支架上并培养21天以评估体外成骨和软骨形成。当在第21天与AAM-MHA和AAM-MCS组相比时,支架组HEMA-MHA和HEMA-MCS显示碱性磷酸酶(ALP)和钙含量显著升高。还在21天时间点评估软骨形成标志物,例如糖胺聚糖(GAG)和羟脯氨酸。在第21天,发现HEMA-MHA和HEMA-MCS支架中的GAG和羟脯氨酸产量明显高于AAM-MHA和AAM-MCS支架。总体研究表明,聚HIPE整体支架可以促进细胞粘附,生存能力,扩散,分化,和ECM形成超过21天。因此,掺入ECM成分可增强体外成骨和软骨形成,并可进一步用作组织修复模型。
Osteochondral damage, affecting the articular cartilage and the underlying subchondral bone, presents significant challenges in clinical treatment. Such defects, commonly seen in knee and ankle joints, vary from small localized lesions to larger defects. Current medical therapies encounter several challenges, such as donor shortages, drug side effects, high costs, and rejection problems, often resulting in only temporary relief. Highly porous emulsion-templated polymers (polyHIPEs) offer numerous potential benefits in the fabrication of scaffolds for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Polymeric scaffolds synthesized using a high internal phase emulsion (HIPE) technique, called PolyHIPEs, involve polymerizing a continuous phase surrounding a dispersed internal phase to form a solid, foam-like structure. A dense, porous design encourages cell ingrowth, nutrient delivery, and waste disposal from the scaffold, mimicking the cells\' natural microenvironment. This study used hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and acrylamide (AAM) polyHIPE scaffolds combined with extracellular matrix (ECM) components of the tissue, such as methacrylated hyaluronic acid (MHA) and methacrylated chondroitin sulfate (MCS), to prepare polyHIPE scaffolds. The mouse preosteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells and primary rat chondrocytes (harvested from male Wistar rats) were seeded on the scaffolds and cultured for 21 days to assess the osteogenesis and chondrogenesis in vitro. When compared to the AAM-MHA and AAM-MCS groups at day 21, scaffold groups HEMA-MHA and HEMA-MCS showed a significant rise in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and calcium content. Chondrogenic markers such as glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and hydroxyproline were also assessed over a 21-day time point. On day 21, it was found that GAG and hydroxyproline production were considerably higher in the HEMA-MHA and HEMA-MCS scaffolds than in the AAM-MHA and AAM-MCS scaffolds. The overall studies showed that polyHIPE monolith scaffolds could favor cell adherence, survival ability, proliferation, differentiation, and ECM formation over 21 days. Thus, incorporating ECM components enhanced osteogenesis and chondrogenesis in vitro and can be further used as tissue repair models.