Stramenopiles在水生和陆生生物群中占很大比例。大多数生物学家可以说出一些,但这些仅限于光养(例如,硅藻和海带)或寄生物种(例如,卵菌,囊胚),自由生活的异养生物在很大程度上被忽视了。虽然我们的注意力慢慢转向异养生物,由于缺乏培养模型,我们对它们的生物学了解有限。最近的宏基因组和单细胞研究揭示了Stramenopiles,尤其是异养生物的物种丰富度和生态重要性。然而,我们对这些生物的细胞生物学和行为缺乏了解,导致我们无法将物种与其特定的生态功能相匹配。因为光合stramenopiles是独立于其异养亲戚进行研究的,它们在文献中经常被分开对待。这里,我们将stramenopiles呈现为一个具有共同突触形态和进化史的统一群体。我们介绍主要的血统,描述它们重要的生物和生态特征,并提供有关卵生质体起源的简要更新。我们强调了异养生物和混养生物在我们对stramenopiles的理解中的关键作用,目的是激发未来对分类学和生活史的研究。要了解stramenopiles中的许多多样化中的每一个-朝向自动萎缩,骨萎缩,或寄生-我们必须了解它们各自进化的祖先异养鞭毛。我们希望以下内容将作为新的stramenopile研究人员的入门书,或作为已经在该领域的人员的综合复习。
Stramenopiles represent a significant proportion of aquatic and terrestrial biota. Most biologists can name a few, but these are limited to the phototrophic (e.g., diatoms and kelp) or parasitic species (e.g., oomycetes, Blastocystis), with free-living heterotrophs largely overlooked. Though our attention is slowly turning towards heterotrophs, we have only a limited understanding of their biology due to a lack of cultured models. Recent metagenomic and single-cell investigations have revealed the species richness and ecological importance of stramenopiles-especially heterotrophs. However, our lack of knowledge of the cell biology and behaviour of these organisms leads to our inability to match species to their particular ecological functions. Because photosynthetic
stramenopiles are studied independently of their heterotrophic relatives, they are often treated separately in the literature. Here, we present
stramenopiles as a unified group with shared synapomorphies and evolutionary history. We introduce the main lineages, describe their important biological and ecological traits, and provide a concise update on the origin of the ochrophyte plastid. We highlight the crucial role of heterotrophs and mixotrophs in our understanding of
stramenopiles with the goal of inspiring future investigations in taxonomy and life history. To understand each of the many diversifications within
stramenopiles-towards autotrophy, osmotrophy, or parasitism-we must understand the ancestral heterotrophic flagellate from which they each evolved. We hope the following will serve as a primer for new stramenopile researchers or as an integrative refresher to those already in the field.