谷物+豆类轮作是一个促进土壤肥力和可持续农业生产的综合系统。然而,关于影响土壤理化性质的管理相容性的研究产生了整体农业生态系统的可持续性,但是缺乏盈利能力,特别是在秸秆保留和肥料施用可能减少的情况下。一项为期11年的田间试验研究了三种处理方法:无秸秆保留+传统矿物施肥(TNS),秸秆滞留+传统矿物施肥(TS),秸秆滞留+减少矿物施肥(DS)。与TNS相比,TS显著改善了土壤理化性质,包括宏观骨料(R>0.25mm),孔隙度,现场水容量(FWC),土壤有机碳(SOC)储量,总氮储存,微生物生物量碳(MBC),和微生物生物量氮(MBN)的17.3%,3.2%,13.0%,5.5%,3.2%,15.5%,和13.8%,分别。TS还显著提高了总(小麦+大豆)产量(TYs),经济利润,能值可持续性指数(ESI)下降15.8%,25.0%,是TNS的3.7倍,分别。令人惊讶的是,与TS相比,DS进一步显著改善R>0.25mm,孔隙度,FWC,SOC存储,MBC,MBN,TY,经济利润,ESI下降11.4%,1.5%,6.1%,3.0%,10.6%,7.2%,5.7%,11.1%,和36.5%,分别。总的来说,减少施肥保留秸秆可增强土壤特性,产量,小麦-大豆轮作系统中的能值可持续性。
Cereal + legume rotation is an integrated system that facilitates soil fertility and sustainable agricultural production. However, research on the management compatibility affecting soil physico-chemical properties yields overall agro-ecosystem sustainability, but profitability is lacking, especially under straw retention and potential reductions in fertilizer application. An 11-year field experiment investigated three treatments: no straw retention + traditional mineral fertilization (TNS), straw retention + traditional mineral fertilization (TS), and straw retention + reduced mineral fertilization (DS). Compared with TNS, TS significantly improved soil physico-chemical properties, including macro-aggregates (R > 0.25 mm), porosity, field water capacity (FWC), soil organic carbon (SOC) storage, total nitrogen storage, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) by 17.3%, 3.2%, 13.0%, 5.5%, 3.2%, 15.5%, and 13.8%, respectively. TS also significantly increased total (wheat + soybean) yields (TYs), economic profits, and emergy sustainability index (ESI) by 15.8%, 25.0%, 3.7 times that of TNS, respectively. Surprisingly, compared with TS, DS further significantly improved R > 0.25 mm, porosity, FWC, SOC storage, MBC, MBN, TY, economic profits, and ESI by 11.4%, 1.5%, 6.1%, 3.0%, 10.6%, 7.2%, 5.7%, 11.1%, and 36.5%, respectively. Overall, retaining straw with reduced fertilization enhances soil properties, yields, and emergy sustainability in wheat-soybean rotation systems.