在华北平原,农民正在使用过量的肥料来生产高产作物,间接造成农业生产的污染。为探讨夏玉米的最佳施肥量,以600kg/haNPK(N:P2O5:K2O=28:8:10)作为正常肥料施用(NFA)的减肥实验,(即,100F),在2020年和2021年先后进行了研究,以研究降低施肥量的影响,包括90%(540公斤/公顷;即90F),80%(480公斤/公顷;即80F),62.5%(375公斤/公顷;即62.5F)和50%(300千克/公顷;即,50F)的NFA,关于玉米的植物生长,关键种群丰度和昆虫群落多样性的动态,以及微生物群落的组成和多样性,最后找出土壤中的氮代谢酶活性。我们的研究结果表明,与目前的100%NFA相比,化肥减少率降低了10%-20%,它没有显著影响玉米的植物生长,不仅是植物的生长指标,而且还包括叶片的养分含量,次生代谢产物,和N-代谢酶活性。Further,亚洲玉米bore(Ostriniafuracalis)的关键种群动态和玉米植物上昆虫的群落多样性没有显着变化。值得注意的是,土壤中的氮代谢酶活性水平和微生物群落多样性也没有受到影响。与100%NFA相比,50%的化肥减少率无疑降低了田间玉米的产量,显著降低了17.10%的产量。最佳肥料施用计算为547千克/公顷(即,91.17%NFA)基于5种施肥处理中玉米产量的模拟分析,肥料用量降至486公斤/公顷(即,81.00%NFA),玉米产量显著下降。这些结果表明,减少施肥量8.83%-19.00%是安全可行的,可以减轻污染,促进该地区玉米作物的可持续生产。
In the North China Plain, farmers are using excessive amounts of fertilizer for the production of high-yield crop yield, which indirectly causes pollution in agricultural production. To investigate an optimal rate of fertilizer application for summer maize, the fertilizer reduction experiments with 600 kg/ha NPK (N: P2O5: K2O = 28: 8: 10) as normal fertilizer application (NFA), (i.e., 100F), were conducted successively during 2020 and 2021 to study the effects of reduced fertilizer rates, including 90% (540 kg/ha; i.e., 90F), 80% (480 kg/ha; i.e., 80F), 62.5% (375 kg/ha; i.e., 62.5F) and 50% (300 kg/ha; i.e., 50F) of NFA, on the plant growth of maize, the dynamics of key population abundances and community diversity of insects, and the composition and diversity of microbial community and finally to find out the N-metabolic enzymes\' activity in soil. Our findings revealed that the fertilizer reduction rates by 10% - 20% compared to the current 100% NFA, and it has not significantly affected the plant growth of maize, not only plant growth indexes but also foliar contents of nutrients, secondary metabolites, and N-metabolic enzymes\' activity. Further, there was no significant alteration of the key population dynamics of the Asian corn borer (Ostrinia furnacalis) and the community diversity of insects on maize plants. It is interesting to note that the level of N-metabolic enzymes\' activity and microbial community diversity in soil were also not affected. While the fertilizer reduction rate by 50% unequivocally reduced field corn yield compared to 100% NFA, significantly decreased the yield by 17.10%. The optimal fertilizer application was calculated as 547 kg/ha (i.e., 91.17% NFA) based on the simulation analysis of maize yields among the five fertilizer application treatments, and the fertilizer application reduced down to 486 kg/ha (i.e., 81.00% NFA) with a significant reduction of maize yield. These results indicated that reduced the fertilizer application by 8.83% - 19.00% is safe and feasible to mitigate pollution and promote sustainable production of maize crops in the region.