Abstract：
CONCLUSIONS: This review article highlights a broader perspective of NPs and plant-root interaction by focusing on their beneficial and deleterious impacts on root system architecture (RSA). The root performs a vital function by securing itself in the soil, absorbing and transporting water and nutrients to facilitate plant growth and productivity. In dicots, the architecture of the root system (RSA) is markedly shaped by the development of the primary root and its branches, showcasing considerable adaptability in response to changes in the environment. For promoting agriculture and combating global food hunger, the use of nanoparticles (NPs) may be an exciting option, for which it is essential to understand the behaviour of plants under NPs exposure. The nature of NPs and their physicochemical characteristics play a significant role in the positive/negative response of roots and shoots. Root morphological features, such as root length, root mass and root development features, may regulated positively/negatively by different types of NPs. In addition, application of NPs may also enhance nutrient transport and soil fertility by the promotion of soil microorganisms including plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) and also soil enzymes. Interestingly the interaction of nanomaterials (NMs) with rhizospheric bacteria can enhance plant development and soil health. However, some studies also suggested that the increased use of several types of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) may disrupt the equilibrium of the soil-root interface and unsafe morphogenesis by causing the browning of roots and suppressing the growth of root and soil microbes. Thus, this review article has sought to compile a broader perspective of NPs and plant-root interaction by focusing on their beneficial or deleterious impacts on RSA.
摘要：
结论：这篇综述文章通过关注NPs和植物-根相互作用对根系结构（RSA）的有益和有害影响，突出了NPs和植物-根相互作用的更广泛视角。根部通过将自身固定在土壤中而发挥重要作用，吸收和运输水和养分，以促进植物生长和生产力。在双子叶植物中，根系（RSA）的结构明显地由主根及其分支的发育形成，展示了响应环境变化的相当大的适应性。为了促进农业和应对全球粮食饥饿，使用纳米粒子（NPs）可能是一个令人兴奋的选择，因此，了解NPs暴露下植物的行为至关重要。NPs的性质及其理化特性在根和芽的正/负响应中起着重要作用。根系形态特征,例如根长，根质量和根发育特征，可能受到不同类型的NP的正/负调控。此外,NPs的施用还可以通过促进土壤微生物，包括促进植物生长的根瘤菌（PGPR）和土壤酶来增强养分运输和土壤肥力。有趣的是，纳米材料（NMs）与根际细菌的相互作用可以增强植物发育和土壤健康。然而,一些研究还表明，增加使用几种类型的工程纳米颗粒（ENPs）可能会破坏土壤-根界面的平衡和不安全的形态发生，导致根的褐变和抑制根和土壤微生物的生长。因此，这篇综述文章试图通过关注NP和植物-根相互作用对RSA的有益或有害影响来汇编更广泛的观点。
