背景:饮食因素,包括高糖摄入量,可能会对男性生殖产生不利影响。对含糖饮料(SSB)摄入量与精液质量之间关联的研究报告了不一致的结果。
目的:我们在一项北美孕前队列研究中评估了SSB消费对精液质量的影响。
方法:我们分析了2015-2022年参加在线妊娠研究(PRESTO)的690名男性(n=1,247名样本)的基线数据。年龄≥21岁的参与者填写了一份基线问卷,在该问卷上报告了有关SSB摄入量的信息,包括苏打水,能量饮料,运动饮料,和果汁。注册后,我们邀请美国参与者参加精液测试子研究,他们使用在家精液检测试剂盒收集和分析了两个样本。我们使用线性回归模型来估计SSB摄入量与精液量相关的调整百分比差异(%D)和95%置信区间(CI)。精子浓度,精子总数(TSC),运动性,和总活动精子计数(TMSC)。我们使用改进的Poisson回归模型来估计SSB摄入量与世界卫生组织精液参数切点的关联的调整风险比(RR)和95%CI。
结果:相对于SSB的非消费者,那些每周消耗≥7SSB的人的精液量较低(%D=-6,95%CI:-13,0),精子浓度(%D=-22,95%CI:-38,0),TSC(%D=-22,95%CI:-38,-2),运动性(%D=-4,95%CI:-10,2),和TMSC(%D=-25,95%CI:-43,-2)。高SSB消费者也有更大的风险低精子浓度(≤1600万/mL;RR=1.89,95%CI:1.11,3.21),低TSC(≤3900万;RR=1.75,95%CI:0.92,3.33),低运动性(≤42%;RR=1.23,95%CI:0.87,1.75)和低TMSC(≤2100万;RR=1.95,95%CI:1.12,3.38)。体重指数≥25kg/m2的参与者之间的关联更强。
结论:在北美孕前队列中,SSB消耗增加与精液质量下降相关。
BACKGROUND: Dietary factors, including high sugar intake, may have adverse effects on male reproduction. Studies of the association between sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake and semen quality have reported inconsistent results.
OBJECTIVE: We estimated the effects of SSB consumption on semen quality in a North American preconception cohort study.
METHODS: We analyzed baseline data from 690 males (n = 1,247 samples) participating in Pregnancy Study Online (PRESTO) during 2015-2022. Participants aged ≥21 years completed a baseline questionnaire on which they reported information about intake of SSBs, including sodas, energy drinks, sports drinks, and fruit juices. After enrollment, we invited U.S. participants to a semen testing substudy, in which they collected and analyzed two samples using an at-home semen testing kit. We used linear regression models to estimate adjusted percent differences (%D) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations of SSB intake with semen volume, sperm concentration, total sperm count (TSC), motility, and total motile sperm count (TMSC). We used modified Poisson regression models to estimate adjusted risk ratios (RRs) and 95% CIs for the association of SSB intake with World Health Organization semen parameter cut points.
RESULTS: Relative to non-consumers of SSBs, those who consumed ≥7 SSBs/week had lower semen volume (%D = -6, 95% CI: -13, 0), sperm concentration (%D = -22, 95% CI: -38, 0), TSC (%D = -22, 95% CI: -38, -2), motility (%D = -4, 95% CI: -10, 2), and TMSC (%D = -25, 95% CI: -43, -2). High SSB consumers also had greater risks of low sperm concentration (≤16 million/mL; RR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.11, 3.21), low TSC (≤39 million; RR = 1.75, 95% CI: 0.92, 3.33), low motility (≤42%; RR = 1.23, 95% CI: 0.87, 1.75) and low TMSC (≤21 million; RR = 1.95, 95% CI: 1.12, 3.38). Associations were stronger among participants with body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2 .
CONCLUSIONS: Greater SSB consumption was associated with reduced semen quality in a North American preconception cohort.