Allvar Gullstrand, the Swedish ophthalmologist and Nobel laureate, was a self-taught mathematician who applied mathematics and higher-order equations to understand the optic system. His inventions, the slit lamp, and the ophthalmoscope are used in clinical practice for the diagnosis of eye diseases. With his efforts, he explained the accommodation, the process of changing the shape of the lens to focus on near or distant objects. In 1911, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. In 1913, he was elected as the first president of the Swedish Ophthalmological Society. In 1927, he was awarded the Graefe Medal of the Deutsche Ophthalmologische Gesellschaft.

In the field of ophthalmology, slit-lamp gonioscopy has long been a cornerstone for examining anterior chamber angles and diagnosing conditions such as angle closure, secondary causes of raised intraocular pressure, neovascularization of angle, angle recession, angle tumors, and foreign bodies. However, the conventional approach for goniophotography is a demanding procedure requiring juggling a gonioscopy lens in one hand and a smartphone in the other. Balancing a gonioscopy lens with one hand makes it difficult to adjust and focus the image in busy clinical settings. This article introduces a groundbreaking solution to this problem - a universal slit-lamp-mounted gonioscope ingeniously repurposed from discarded materials, that is, indirect goniophotography (IndiGo). This novel system simplifies the process of both gonioscopy and goniophotography, allowing ophthalmologists to easily assess anterior chamber angles and capture high-quality images. These images can be swiftly shared with glaucoma specialists worldwide for digital analysis. Not only does this approach enhance examination efficiency, but also it fosters sustainability in ophthalmic diagnostics.

Additive manufacturing has been extensively used during the COVID-19 pandemic to design and produce protection equipment. During clinical examinations using slit lamps, ophthalmologists are at risk of being contaminated by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, and the device itself is exposed to viral contamination. Several solutions have already been proposed for fixing transparent shields on the physician side. Here we propose a 3D-printed device fixed on the chin rest on the patient side, aiming at limiting viral spread both on the lamp itself and towards the physician.

In order to realize the diagnosis of slit lamp in cross-regional patients and improve the real-time and convenience of diagnosis, a remote slit lamp diagnosis platform based on Internet of Things (IoT) technology is designed. Firstly, the feasibility of remote slit lamp is analyzed. Secondly, the IoT platform architecture of doctor/server/facility (D/S/F) is proposed and a remote slit lamp is designed. Finally, the performance of the remote slit lamp diagnostic platform is tested. The platform solves the communication problem of distributed slit lamps and realizes respectively numerical control of multi-area slit lamp by multi-eye experts. The test results show that the remote control delay of the platform is less than 20 ms, which supports multiple experts to diagnose multiple patients separately.
为实现跨区域患者的裂隙灯诊断，提高诊断的实时性和便利性，基于物联网技术设计了远程裂隙灯诊断平台。首先分析了远程裂隙灯的可行性，其次提出了医师/服务器/设备（doctor/server/facility, D/S/F）的物联网平台架构，设计了远程裂隙灯，最后测试了远程裂隙灯诊断平台的性能。该平台解决了分布式裂隙灯的通信问题，实现了多眼科专家对多区域裂隙灯的分别数控。测试结果表明，该平台远程控制延时低于20 ms，支持多位专家分别诊断多位患者。.

A corneal stroma circular ring has captured by smartphone adaptor slit lamp camera after smile for 1 week.

A novel, simple, and inexpensive model for teaching depth of lesions within the cornea using slit lamp biomicroscopy to veterinary students, ophthalmology residents, and general clinicians with access to a slit lamp biomicroscope is described. Using common laboratory items, this method can be created in any clinic and can be used to teach and quiz students through independent study with objective self-testing achieved.

Entropion, a common malposition of the eyelid, can lead to trichiasis and corneal damage. This article presents a clinical case in which, following initial surgery to correct entropion, the use of a dermatological punch was chosen to definitively eliminate persistent trichiasis. This relatively unknown yet effective approach proved to be a quick and straightforward alternative with positive outcomes, emphasizing the importance of considering innovative approaches to recurrent challenges in clinical practice.

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to evaluate the feasibility of using a novel device, the Smart Eye Camera (SEC), for assessing tear meniscus height (TMH) after fluorescein staining and the agreement of the results with measurements obtained using standard slit lamp examination.
METHODS: TMH was assessed using both SEC and conventional slit lamp examination. The images were analyzed using the software ImageJ 1.53t (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA). A common measurement unit scale was established based on a paper strip, which was used as a calibration marker to convert pixels into metric scale. A color threshold was applied using uniform parameters for brightness, saturation, and hue. The images were then binarized to black and white to enhance the representation of the tear menisci. A 2 mm area around the upper and lower meniscus in the central eye lid zone was selected and magnified 3200 times to facilitate manual measurement. The values obtained using SEC were compared with those obtained with a slit lamp.
RESULTS: The upper and lower TMH values measured using the SEC were not statistically different from those obtained with a slit lamp (0.209 ± 0.073 mm vs. 0.235 ± 0.085, p = 0.073, and 0.297 ± 0.168 vs. 0.260 ± 0.173, p = 0.275, respectively). The results of Bland-Altman analysis demonstrated strong agreement between the two instruments, with a mean bias of -0.016 mm (agreement limits: -0.117 to 0.145 mm) for upper TMH and 0.031 mm (agreement limits: -0.306 to 0.368 mm) for lower TMH.
CONCLUSIONS: The SEC demonstrated sufficient validity and reliability for assessing TMH in healthy eyes in a clinical setting, demonstrating concordance with the conventional slit lamp examination.

BACKGROUND: The in vivo characterisation of corneal epithelial tissue morphology is of considerable importance for diagnosis, disease prognosis, and the development of a treatment strategy for ocular surface diseases. In contrast to many alternative methods, in vivo corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) not only provides a macroscopic description of the corneal tissue but also allows its visualisation with cellular resolution. However, the translation of CCM from research to clinical practice is significantly limited by the complex and still largely manual operation of available CCM systems. In addition, for cross-sectional images, and analogously to conventional slit lamp microscopy, volume data must be acquired in time-consuming depth scans due to the frontal orientation of the image field in CCM, from which depth slices can subsequently be calculated. The pure acquisition time is already in the range of seconds, and additionally, motion artefacts have to be corrected in a sophisticated way.
METHODS: This paper presents the concept and optics simulation of a new imaging technique based on a swept-source laser in combination with special chromatic optics. Here, the laser periodically changes its wavelength and is focused at different depths due to the wavelength-dependent aberration of the chromatic optics.
RESULTS: The optics simulation results promise good optical resolution at a total imaging depth of 145 µm.
CONCLUSIONS: The long-term goal is cell-resolving in vivo corneal confocal microscopy in real time with differently oriented sectioning directions.
UNASSIGNED: Die In-vivo-Charakterisierung der Morphologie des Epithelgewebes der Kornea ist von erheblicher Bedeutung für die Diagnostik, die Krankheitsprognose und die Entwicklung einer Behandlungsstrategie bei Oberflächenerkrankungen des Auges. Im Gegensatz zu vielen alternativen Methoden bietet die In-vivo-Konfokalmikroskopie der Kornea (CCM) nicht nur eine makroskopische Beschreibung des kornealen Gewebes, sondern ermöglicht dessen Darstellung mit zellulärer Auflösung. Die Translation der CCM von der Forschung in die klinische Praxis ist jedoch durch die komplexe und bisher weitgehend manuelle Bedienung der verfügbaren CCM-Systeme erheblich eingeschränkt. Für Tiefenschnittbilder, analog zur konventionellen Spaltlampenmikroskopie, müssen außerdem aufgrund der frontalen Orientierung des Bildfeldes bei der CCM in aufwendigen Tiefenscans Volumenaufnahmen erzeugt werden, aus denen sich anschließend Tiefenschnitte berechnen lassen. Bereits die reine Aufnahmedauer liegt hierbei im Bereich von Sekunden, zusätzlich müssen Bewegungsartefakte aufwendig korrigiert werden.
METHODS: Dieser Beitrag stellt das Konzept und die Optiksimulation eines neuen Bildgebungsverfahrens auf Basis eines Swept-Source-Lasers in Verbindung mit einer speziellen chromatischen Optik vor. Hierbei verändert der Laser periodisch seine Wellenlänge und wird aufgrund der wellenlängenabhängigen Aberration der chromatischen Optik in unterschiedlichen Tiefen fokussiert.
UNASSIGNED: Die Ergebnisse der Optiksimulation versprechen eine gute optische Auflösung bei einer Abbildungstiefe von insgesamt 145 µm.
UNASSIGNED: Das langfristige Ziel ist die konfokalmikroskopische zellauflösende In-vivo-Bildgebung der Kornea in Echtzeit mit verschieden orientierten Schnittrichtungen.

Purpose  This article assesses the efficacy of an instructional video and model eye simulation for teaching slit lamp exam to medical students as compared to traditional preceptor teaching. Methods  First through 4th year students from the University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine were recruited via email to participate in the study. Students were randomized into two groups. The experimental \"model eye\" group watched an instructional video on slit lamp exam, spent 10 minutes practicing on the model eye, then practiced for 25 minutes with a student partner. The control \"preceptor teaching\" group received 25 minutes of in-person preceptor teaching on slit lamp exam, then spent 25 minutes practicing with a student partner. Students were objectively assessed by a blinded grader who scored their examination skills with a 31-item checklist. Qualtrics surveys that measured student perceptions were distributed before and after the intervention. Results  Seventeen medical students participated in the study. Students in the model eye group achieved higher mean objective assessment scores than students in the preceptor teaching group on skills relating to slit lamp set up (1.75, standard deviation [SD] = 0.50 and 1.50, SD = 0.80 out of 2 points, p  = 0.03) and on the total score (1.69, SD = 0.6 and 1.48, SD = 0.8 out of 2 points, p  < 0.01). Both groups reported a significant increase in their understanding of what a slit lamp is used for ( p  < 0.01) and in their confidence using a slit lamp ( p  < 0.01). All students felt their skills improved with the workshop, 94% found the workshop to be useful, and 88% enjoyed the workshop, with no intergroup differences on these metrics. Conclusion  An instructional video combined with a simulation model is as effective as traditional preceptor teaching of the slit lamp exam. Such a teaching module may be considered as an adjunct to traditional methods.