Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a complex condition associated with a range of persistent symptoms including headaches, cognitive dysfunction, mental fatigue, insomnia, and mood disorders. Conventional treatments for TBI-related symptoms can be insufficient, leading to interest in complementary and integrative medicine (CIM) approaches. This comprehensive article examines the existing literature on CIM modalities, including mind-body interventions, acupuncture/acupressure, herbal remedies, nutritional supplements, biofeedback, yoga, and tai chi in the context of managing secondary complications following TBI. The article highlights potential benefits and limitations of CIM modalities, while acknowledging the need for further research to better establish efficacy and safety in this specific population.

Correctional workers (CWs) report high levels of work stressors, frequent exposures to potentially psychologically traumatic events (PPTEs), and substantial mental health challenges. There is evidence of associations between sleep disturbances and diverse mental health challenges, including preliminary evidence from public safety personnel; however, replications and extensions would better inform interventions to support mental health. The current study was designed to examine associations between quality of sleep, work stress, and mental health disorders in a sample of diverse CWs employed in a provincial correctional service in Ontario, Canada. Data were analyzed from 943 CWs who participated in the cross-sectional, web-based Ontario Provincial Correctional Worker Mental Health and Well-Being Study conducted from December 2017 to June 2018. Sleep quality indicators included symptoms of insomnia, total hours of sleep per night on work nights and off-shift nights, number of days feeling rested per week, and overall sleep quality. Descriptive statistics, analyses of variance, correlational analyses, and logistic regression were used to examine relationships among sleep quality, stress of shift work, and mental health disorder symptoms. CWs slept an average of 6.0 h per night when working and 7.2 h during off-shift nights. CWs reported waking up feeling rested an average of 2.6 days per week and rated their overall quality of sleep in the fair to poor range. Many CWs (64.9%) screened positive for clinically significant symptoms of insomnia. There were also differences across occupational groups such that CWs working as correctional officers reported the most sleep problems. There were statistically significant relationships between insomnia and mental health disorder symptoms. Higher levels of stress from shift work were associated with worse sleep quality. CWs, especially those working as correctional officers in a provincial prison, reported many indicators consistent with poorer quality of sleep. Poor quality of sleep was also associated with work stress and mental health disorders.

Self-reported shorter/longer sleep duration, insomnia, and evening preference are associated with hyperglycaemia in observational analyses, with similar observations in small studies using accelerometer-derived sleep traits. Mendelian randomization (MR) studies support an effect of self-reported insomnia, but not others, on glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c). To explore potential effects, we used MR methods to assess effects of accelerometer-derived sleep traits (duration, mid-point least active 5-h, mid-point most active 10-h, sleep fragmentation, and efficiency) on HbA1c/glucose in European adults from the UK Biobank (UKB) (n = 73,797) and the MAGIC consortium (n = 146,806). Cross-trait linkage disequilibrium score regression was applied to determine genetic correlations across accelerometer-derived, self-reported sleep traits, and HbA1c/glucose. We found no causal effect of any accelerometer-derived sleep trait on HbA1c or glucose. Similar MR results for self-reported sleep traits in the UKB sub-sample with accelerometer-derived measures suggested our results were not explained by selection bias. Phenotypic and genetic correlation analyses suggested complex relationships between self-reported and accelerometer-derived traits indicating that they may reflect different types of exposure. These findings suggested accelerometer-derived sleep traits do not affect HbA1c. Accelerometer-derived measures of sleep duration and quality might not simply be \'objective\' measures of self-reported sleep duration and insomnia, but rather captured different sleep characteristics.

This is a prospective cohort study to investigate the effects of instrumented lumbar fusion surgery on psychiatric problems, including anxiety, insomnia, and depression, in patients with degenerative spinal stenosis, as well as on pain and the activities of daily living. Surgery was performed in the patients with Schizas grade C or D spinal stenosis with; if a patient\'s quality of life was impaired for at least 3 months or if patient had neurologic deficits. Finally, 69 patients were reviewed. Beck anxiety inventory, insomnia severity index, geriatric depression scale short form-Korean, visual analog scale for back pain, visual analog scale for leg pain, and Oswestry disability index was measured on the day surgery was decided on (T1), the day before surgery (T2), the day before discharge (T3), and 6 months after surgery (T4). The patients had mild degrees of anxiety, insomnia, and depression at T1, and Beck anxiety inventory, insomnia severity index, visual analog scale for back pain, visual analog scale for leg pain, and Oswestry disability index improved significantly by T4. In elderly patients with degenerative spinal stenosis, instrumented lumbar fusion surgery improves not only pain and activities of daily living, but also anxiety and insomnia. However, there was no improvement in depression over the 6-month follow-up period.

Insomnia is a common sleep disorder that significantly impacts an individual\'s psychological and physical health, characterized by persistent difficulties in falling asleep, decreased sleep quality, and impaired daytime functioning. Traditional treatment approaches primarily rely on pharmacotherapy and behavioral therapy, yet not all patients benefit from these methods, and they often come with certain side effects. Thus, identifying safe and effective alternative or adjunctive treatments is of paramount importance. The purpose of this paper is to review the research progress on acupuncture in the treatment of insomnia and to explore the mechanisms by which acupuncture may treat insomnia through regulating neurotransmitters and nervous system, anti-inflammatory actions, and improving neuroplasticity, providing evidence to support the broad application of acupuncture in clinical practice.

The study of neurological symptoms and signs connected with neoplasms and antitumor therapy is relevant in the context of an increasing prevalence of cancer. The COVID-19 pandemic and social factors have increased the number of patients suffering from insomnia. Sleep disorders is an unfavorable prognostic factor for neoplasms. The review presents risk factors and mechanisms of sleep disturbance, their relationship with inflammation and dysfunction of the immune system in cancer. In particular, dysfunction of the melatonergic system is discussed as a risk factor for the development of insomnia and cancer. The relevance of developing measures aimed at the rehabilitation of patients in order to restore normal sleep, which plays a fundamental role in maintaining a person\'s mental and physical health, is emphasized.
В условиях увеличения распространенности онкологических заболеваний актуально изучение неврологических симптомов и признаков, ассоциированных с новообразованиями и проводимой по поводу них терапии. Пандемия новой коронавирусной инфекции (COVID-19) и социальные факторы способствовали увеличению числа пациентов, страдающих от бессонницы, которая является неблагоприятным прогностическим фактором при новообразованиях. В обзоре представлены факторы риска и механизмы нарушения сна, их связь с воспалением и дисфункцией иммунной системы при онкологических заболеваниях. В частности, обсуждается нарушение функции мелатонинергической системы как фактор риска развития бессонницы и онкологических заболеваний. Подчеркнута актуальность разработки мероприятий, направленных на реабилитацию пациентов с целью восстановления нормального сна, который играет фундаментальную роль в поддержании психического и физического здоровья человека.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of a multidisciplinary program, including Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), in the treatment of patients with chronic migraine (CM) and concomitant chronic insomnia (CI).
METHODS: The study included 96 patients with CM and CI, average age 35.7±8.6. All patients underwent clinical interviews and testing using clinical and psychological techniques. Patients were randomized into two groups: group 1 received study treatment (an multudisciplinary program including CBT for pain and insomnia, combined with standard treatment for migraine), group 2 received standard treatment for migraine (preventive and acute pharmacotherapy for migraine, recommendations about lifestyle and sleep hygiene). All patients were assessed for clinical and psychological parameters before treatment and at 3, 6, 12 and 18 months follow-up.
RESULTS: At 3 month follow-up a statistically significant improvement was observed in group 1: a decrease in the frequency of headaches and the use of painkillers, parameters on the Insomnia Severity Index (ITI), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS) (p<0.05). At 6, 12 and 18 months follow-up the achieved improvements were maintained. At 3 month follow-up, group 2 showed a statistically significant improvement in only 4 parameters: a decrease in the frequency of headaches and painkiller use, and parameters for ITI and MIDAS. These parameters increased to values that were not statistically significantly different from the parameters before treatment in group 2 at 6 month follow-up. At 3 month follow-up in group 165% of patients achieved clinical effect (CE) according to CM (headache frequency decreased by 50% or more), in group 2 - 40%, which was not statistically significantly different (p>0.001); in group 1, 76% of patients achieved CE according to CI (ITI decreased by 8 points or more), which is statistically significantly more than in group 2 with 45% of patients with CE (p<0.001). At 18 month follow-up, in group 1, 81.5% of patients achieved CE according to CM, which is statistically significantly more than in group 2 with 33% of patients with CE (p<0.001); in group 1, 85% of patients achieved CE according to CI, which is statistically significantly more than in group 2, where 38% of patients had CE (p<0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: High effectiveness of CBT in patients with CM and combined CI was noted.
UNASSIGNED: Оценить эффективность междисциплинарной программы, включающей когнитивно-поведенческую терапию (КПТ), в лечении пациентов с хронической мигренью (ХМ) и сочетанной хронической инсомнией (ХИ).
UNASSIGNED: В исследование включены 96 пациентов с ХМ и ХИ, средний возраст 35,7±8,6 года. Со всеми пациентами проводились клиническая беседа и тестирование с помощью клинико-психологических методик. Пациенты были рандомизированы в две группы: 1-я группа получала стандартное лечение (фармакотерапию профилактическую и для купирования мигрени, рекомендации по образу жизни и гигиене сна) и КПТ, 2-я группа — только стандартное лечение. У всех пациентов оценивались клинико-психологические показатели до лечения и на 3, 6, 12 и 18-й месяцы после лечения.
UNASSIGNED: Через 3 мес терапии в 1-й группе наблюдалось статистически значимое улучшение: снижение частоты приступов головной боли и приема обезболивающих, показателей по Индексу тяжести инсомнии (ИТИ), шкале личностной и ситуативной тревоги Спилбергера—Ханина, шкале депрессии Бека, шкале оценки влияния мигрени на повседневную активность (ШОВМА) (p<0,05). Через 6, 12 и 18 мес терапии достигнутые улучшения сохранились. Через 3 мес терапии во 2-й группе наблюдалось статистически значимое (p<0,05) улучшение только по 4 параметрам: снижение частоты приступов головной боли и приема обезболивающих, показателей по ИТИ и ШОВМА. С 6 мес терапии во 2-й группе эти показатели статистически значимо не отличались от показателей до лечения. Через 3 мес терапии клинического эффекта (КЭ) по ХМ (снижение частоты головной боли на 50% и более) в 1-й группе достигли 65% пациентов, во 2-й группе — 40%; КЭ по ХИ (ИТИ уменьшился на 8 баллов и более) в 1-й группе — 76% пациентов, во 2-й группе — 45% (p<0,001). Через 18 мес терапии КЭ по ХМ в 1-й группе достигли 81,5% пациентов, во 2-й группе — 33% (p<0,001); КЭ по ХИ в 1-й группе — 85% пациентов, во 2-й группе — 38% (p<0,001).
UNASSIGNED: Отмечена высокая эффективность КПТ у пациентов с ХМ и сочетанной ХИ.

OBJECTIVE: To study the features of the manifestation of insomnia and its impact on the condition and quality of life in patients with chronic tension-type headache.
METHODS: The study included 65 patients with chronic tension-type headache and insomnia. Patients filled out questionnaires on headache severity, sleep quality, emotional status and quality of life. Seventeen patients underwent polysomnography.
RESULTS: Patients with more severe insomnia had significantly more severe anxiety (p<0.001) and depression (p=0.025). Such patients assessed their quality of life worse according to the SF-12 questionnaire (p<0.002) and the Subjective Well-Being Scale (p<0.001), a higher level of central sensitization was observed in patients with more severe insomnia (p<0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: The negative impact of insomnia on the condition of patients is not so much an increase in pain as such, but rather its influence on the quality of the emotional state and life in general, as well as an increase in the interdependence and mutual influence of other clinical and psychophysiological manifestations of the disease. Therefore, the clinical significance of insomnia is the deterioration of a person\'s ability to tolerate pain, which is the main prerequisite for a decrease in quality of life.
UNASSIGNED: Изучить особенности проявления инсомнии и ее влияния на состояние и качество жизни у пациентов с хронической головной болью напряжения.
UNASSIGNED: В исследование включены 65 пациентов с хронической головной болью напряжения и инсомнией. Пациенты заполняли опросники по выраженности головной боли, качеству сна, эмоциональному статусу и качеству жизни. Семнадцати пациентам проведена полисомнография.
UNASSIGNED: У пациентов с более тяжелой инсомнией статистически значимо более выражены тревога (p<0,001) и депрессия (p=0,025). Такие пациенты хуже оценивали качество жизни по опросникам SF-12 (p<0,002) и шкале субъективного благополучия (p<0,001), более высокий уровень центральной сенситизации выявлен у пациентов с выраженной инсомнией (p<0,001).
UNASSIGNED: Негативное влияние инсомнии на состояние пациентов состоит в усилении не столько боли как таковой, сколько ее влияния на качество эмоционального состояния и жизни в целом, а также в усилении взаимозависимости и взаимовлияния других клинических и психофизиологических проявлений болезни. Следовательно, клиническое значение инсомнии состоит в ухудшении способности пациента переносить боль, что является основной предпосылкой для снижения качества жизни.

Pregnancy is associated with a number of physiological changes in a woman\'s body, which in turn affect the quality and duration of sleep. According to research, insomnia and other sleep disorders are associated with a high risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, as well as postpartum complications. Understanding the mechanisms of sleep disorders during pregnancy is necessary to form an integrated approach in the management of this group of patients. The appointment of medicinal and non-medicinal therapies, as well as general recommendations for lifestyle correction in order to treat sleep disorders, is focused on the safe and prolific effect of a particular drug on the mother and fetus. This review also examined the safety profile of commonly used groups of drugs for sleep disorders during pregnancy.
Беременность связана с целым рядом физиологических изменений в организме женщины, влияющих в свою очередь на качество и продолжительность сна. Согласно данным исследований, бессонница и другие нарушения сна связаны с высоким риском неблагоприятных исходов беременностей, а также послеродовых осложнений. Понимание механизмов нарушения сна во время беременности необходимо для формирования комплексного подхода в ведении этой группы пациенток. Назначение медикаментозных и немедикаментозных методов терапии, а также общих рекомендаций по коррекции образа жизни с целью лечения нарушений сна ориентировано на безопасное и эффективное влияние того или иного средства на мать и плод. В обзоре также рассмотрен профиль безопасности часто используемых групп препаратов при нарушениях сна во время беременности.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze complaints about sleep disorders and assess the incidence of various sleep disorders, using relevant scales, in patients with medication-overuse headache (MOH) in comparison with patients without MOH.
METHODS: The prospective case-control study included 171 patients, aged 18 years and older, with MOH (main group), and173 patients with primary headaches without MOH (control group). A neurologist conducted an initial examination and professional interview before the start of treatment. To diagnose sleep disorders, the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (3rd edition, 2014) was used. Additionally, an assessment was made using the Insomnia Severity Index Scale, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and the Lausanne Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome Scale (NoSAS).
RESULTS: Statistically significant differences were revealed in the prevalence of the following complaints about sleep disorders in patients with MOH: lack of sleep (51.5%), frequent awakenings during sleep (43.3%), discomfort in legs before falling asleep or at rest in the evening (37.4%). Difficulties falling asleep occurred equally often in both patients with MOH (43.9%) and without MOH (37.0%), as well as daytime sleepiness (40.4% vs 36.4%) and the presence of snoring (13% of patients in each group). Patients with MOH were significantly more likely to suffer from chronic insomnia (60.2% and 47.4%, respectively, p=0.02; OR 1.7; 95% CI 1.1-2.6) and restless legs syndrome (37.4% and 22.0%, respectively, p=0.002; OR 2.1; 95% CI 1.3-3.4). The incidence of hypersomnia and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome did not have statistically significant differences.
CONCLUSIONS: Patients with MOH compared to patients without MOH have a significantly higher incidence of main complaints of sleep disorders, chronic insomnia and restless legs syndrome, which indicates the importance of sleep disorders in the pathogenesis of medication-overuse headaches and requires timely diagnosis and treatment to prevent the progression of both headaches and sleep disorders.
UNASSIGNED: Анализ жалоб на нарушения сна и оценка встречаемости различных расстройств сна с использованием шкал у больных с лекарственно-индуцированной головной болью (ЛИГБ) в сравнении с пациентами без ЛИГБ.
UNASSIGNED: В проспективное исследование по типу «случай-контроль» включен 171 пациент в возрасте 18 лет и старше, имеющий ЛИГБ (основная группа), а также 173 пациента с первичными головными болями без ЛИГБ (контрольная группа). Первичный осмотр и профессиональное интервью проведены врачом-неврологом до начала лечения с использованием стандартизированных опросников. Для диагностики нарушений сна использовалась Международная классификация нарушений сна (3-е издание, 2014). Дополнительно произведена оценка по шкалам индекса тяжести инсомнии, Эпвортской шкале дневной сонливости и Лозаннской шкале синдрома обструктивного апноэ сна (NoSAS).
UNASSIGNED: Статистически значимые различия выявлены в превалировании следующих жалоб на нарушения сна у больных с ЛИГБ: невыспанность по утрам (51,5%), частые пробуждения во время сна (43,3%), неприятные ощущения в ногах перед засыпанием или в состоянии покоя в вечернее время (37,4%). Трудности засыпания встречались одинаково часто у больных как с ЛИГБ (43,9%), так и без ЛИГБ (37,0%), так же как дневная сонливость (40,4% против 36,4%) и наличие храпа (13% больных в каждой из групп). Больные с ЛИГБ значительно чаще страдали хронической инсомнией (60,2 и 47,4% соответственно, p=0,02; ОШ 1,7; 95% ДИ 1,1—2,6) и синдромом беспокойных ног (37,4 и 22,0% соответственно, p=0,002; ОШ 2,1; 95% ДИ 1,3—3,4). Встречаемость гиперсомнии, синдрома обструктивного апноэ сна не имели статистически значимых различий.
UNASSIGNED: Больные с ЛИГБ, по сравнению пациентами без ЛИГБ, имеют значительно большую встречаемость основных жалоб на нарушения сна, хронической инсомнии и синдрома беспокойных ног, что указывает на важное значение нарушений сна в патогенезе ЛИГБ и требует своевременной диагностики и лечения для профилактики прогрессирования как головных болей, так и нарушений сна.