多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)的健康益处已促进寻找这些化合物的丰富来源。然而,来自动植物的PUFA供应链提出了环境问题,比如水污染,森林砍伐,动物对营养链的剥削和干扰。这样,在微生物来源中发现了一种可行的替代方法,主要在酵母和丝状真菌的单细胞油(SCO)生产中。被孢菌科是一种丝状真菌家族,以产生PUFA的菌株而闻名。例如,由于在工业上可用于生产花生四烯酸(20:4n6),因此可以突出显示。婴儿补充配方的重要组成部分。因此,这篇综述介绍了提高被孢菌科菌株PUFA产量的最新策略。首先,我们已经讨论了这些用于脂质生产的菌株的主要系统发育和生化特性。接下来,基于生理操纵的策略,使用不同的碳源和氮源,温度,pH和培养方法,提出了通过优化工艺参数来提高PUFA产量的方法。此外,可以使用代谢工程工具,控制NADPH和辅因子的供应,并将去饱和酶和延伸酶的活性导向靶PUFA。因此,这篇综述旨在讨论这些策略的功能和适用性,为了支持未来研究被孢菌科物种生产PUFA。
The health benefits of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have encouraged the search for rich sources of these compounds. However, the supply chain of PUFAs from animals and plants presents environmental concerns, such as water pollution, deforestation, animal exploitation and interference in the trophic chain. In this way, a viable alternative has been found in microbial sources, mainly in single cell oil (SCO) production by yeast and filamentous fungi. Mortierellaceae is a filamentous fungal family world-renowned for PUFA-producing strains. For example, Mortierella alpina can be highlighted due to be industrially applied to produce arachidonic acid (20:4 n6), an important component of infant supplement formulas. Thus, the state of the art of strategies to increase PUFAs production by Mortierellaceae strains is presented in this review. Firstly, we have discussed main phylogenetic and biochemical characteristics of these strains for lipid production. Next, strategies based on physiological manipulation, using different carbon and nitrogen sources, temperature, pH and cultivation methods, which can increase PUFA production by optimizing process parameters are presented. Furthermore, it is possible to use metabolic engineering tools, controlling the supply of NADPH and co-factors, and directing the activity of desaturases and elongase to the target PUFA. Thus, this review aims to discuss the functionality and applicability of each of these strategies, in order to support future research for PUFA production by Mortierellaceae species.