OBJECTIVE: To investigate the family aggregation of human hookworm infections in Sichuan Province and to identify its influencing factors, so as to provide insights into management of hookworm infections.
METHODS: Three to four counties (districts) were sampled from basins, hilly regions and mountainous regions around the basins in Sichuan Province from 2017 to 2022 as fixed survey sites, and 17 to 30 counties (districts) were selected as mobile survey sites. At least 1 000 permanent residents at ages of 3 years and older were sampled from each survey site, and hookworm eggs were detected in human stool samples using the Kato-Katz technique. Subjects with 2 and more family members and at least 2 individuals diagnosed with hookworm infections in the county (district) where they lived were selected, and the familial aggregation of hookworm infections was analyzed using the test of goodness of fit for binomial distribution. In addition, the knowledge and practice of hookworm disease control were investigated among residents in Hejiang County and Wutongqiao District, Leshan City, Sichuan Province in 2021 and 2022, and the difference in the knowledge and practice of hookworm disease control was compared between members with and without familial aggregation of hookworm infections.
RESULTS: A total of 66 812 residents from 25 196 households were sampled from main endemic areas of hookworm diseases in Sichuan Province from 2017 to 2022 for detection of hookworm infections, and 4 403 infections were identified (6.59% prevalence). The distribution of human hookworm infections in Sichuan Province did not fit the binomial distribution, and showed family aggregations (χ2 = 2 116.759, P < 0.001). Family aggregation of human hookworm infections was found in endemic areas with 1% and higher prevalence of human hookworm infections (χ2 = 136.006 to 428.738, all P values < 0.001), and family aggregation of human hookworm infections was identified in different years (χ2 = 87.615 to 471.838, all P values < 0.001) and in different terrains of endemic areas (χ2 = 8.423 to 1 144.176, all P values < 0.001). The members with hookworm infections had median eggs per gram of 180 (interquartile range, 780) in aggregated families and 72 (102) in non-aggregated families (Z = -2.686, P < 0.05). The proportion of members in families with aggregation of hookworm infections who knew the preventive measures of hookworm disease was significantly lower than in non-aggregated families (24.49% vs. 51.72%; χ2 = 10.262, P < 0.05), and the proportion of members in families with aggregation of hookworm infections who often worked barefoot on the ground was significantly higher than in non-aggregated families (30.61% vs. 13.25%; χ2 = 6.289, P < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: There is a familial aggregation of human hookworm infections in Sichuan Province, and awareness of preventive measures for hookworm disease and frequent working barefoot on the ground are associated with familial aggregation of hookworm infections.
［摘要］ 目的 调查四川省人群钩虫感染家庭聚集性, 探讨其影响因素, 为科学防治钩虫病提供参考。方法 2017—2022年, 于四川省盆地、丘陵地区、盆周山区等钩虫病主要流行区选取3 ~ 4个县 (区) 作为人群钩虫感染固定调查点, 并 选取17 ~ 30个县 (市、区) 作为流动调查点。每个调查点抽取至少1 000名≥ 3周岁的常住居民作为调查对象, 采用Kato-Katz法进行粪便钩虫虫卵检测。选取家庭人口数≥ 2人、且所在县 (区) 当年钩虫感染人数≥ 2人的调查对象, 应用二项 分布拟合优度检验进行钩虫感染家庭聚集性分析。2021—2022年在四川省合江县和乐山市五通桥区开展人群钩虫病 防治知识与相关行为调查, 比较两地钩虫感染聚集性家庭与非聚集性家庭成员钩虫病防治知识与相关行为差异。结果 2017—2022年, 在四川省钩虫病主要流行区共抽取25 196户家庭的66 812名居民进行钩虫感染调查, 发现钩虫感染 4 403例, 感染率为6.59%。四川省主要流行区人群钩虫感染分布不符合二项分布, 具有家庭聚集性 (χ2 = 2 116.759, P < 0.001); 人群钩虫感染率≥ 1%的流行区均发现钩虫感染具有家庭聚集性 (χ2 = 136.006 ~ 428.738, P 均< 0.001); 不同年份 (χ2 = 87.615 ~ 471.838, P 均< 0.001) 、不同地形流行区 (χ2 = 8.423 ~ 1 144.176, P 均< 0.001) 人群钩虫感染均具有家庭聚 集性。钩虫感染聚集性家庭与非聚集性家庭中, 钩虫感染者每克粪便虫卵数 (egg per gram, EPG) 中位数 (四分位数间 距) 分别为180 (780) 和72 (102), 差异有统计学意义 (Z = -2.686, P < 0.05) 。钩虫感染聚集性家庭中知晓钩虫病防治知 识者所占比例低于非聚集性家庭 (24.49% vs. 51.72%; χ2 = 10.262, P < 0.05), 经常赤脚下地劳动者所占比例高于非聚集 性家庭 (30.61% vs. 13.25%; χ2 = 6.289, P < 0.05) 。结论 四川省人群钩虫感染具有家庭聚集性。钩虫病预防措施知晓 情况、是否经常赤脚下地劳动等因素与钩虫感染家庭聚集性相关。.

Visceral leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease transmitted by Phlebotomus chinensis that poses a great threat to human health. Historically, visceral leishmaniasis was predominantly prevalent in northwestern regions of Sichuan Province. Following the founding of the People\'s Republic of China, large-scale integrated interventions had been implemented in visceral leishmaniasis-endemic areas of Sichuan Province, including identification and treatment of visceral leishmaniasis patients, elimination of infected dogs, Ph. chinensis control and health education. This review summarizes the prevalence of visceral leishmaniasis, discusses the control strategy of visceral leishmaniasis and analyzes the challenges of elimination of visceral leishmaniasis based on the One Health concept in Sichuan Province, so as to provide insights into elimination of visceral leishmaniasis in the province.
［摘要］ 内脏利什曼病是一种由白蛉传播、严重危害人体健康的寄生虫病。四川省内脏利什曼病主要流行于该省西北 部地区, 且历史较久。中华人民共和国成立后, 四川省在内脏利什曼病流行区大规模开展以查治病人、消灭病犬、控制白 蛉等措施为主的综合性防治, 取得了一定成就。本文分析了四川省内脏利什曼病流行现状, 结合全健康理念探讨了四川 省内脏利什曼病防治策略和消除工作所面临的困难与挑战, 以期为四川省内脏利什曼病消除提供参考。.

To evaluate the implementation of Survey of oncomelanid snails (WS/T 563-2017) in schistosomiasis-endemic foci, two schistosomiasis-endemic counties were selected from two provinces of Sichuan and Anhui. Professional staff working in province-, city-, county- and township-level disease control and prevention institutions, parasitic disease control institutions or medical institutions were recruited, and the understanding, use and implementation of Survey of oncomelanid snails (WS/T 563-2017) were investigated using questionnaires and interviews. The awareness, use, proportion of propagation and implementation and correct rate of answering questions pertaining to Survey of oncomelanid snails (WS/T 563-2017) were analyzed. A total of 270 questionnaires were allocated, and 269 were recovered, including 254 valid questionnaires. The overall awareness of Survey of oncomelanid snails (WS/T 563-2017) was 84.64% (215/254), and propagation and implementation of Survey of oncomelanid snails (WS/T 563-2017) was not performed in 23.28% (17/73) of the survey institutions following implementation of Survey of oncomelanid snails (WS/T 563-2017), with meeting training and allocation of propagation materials as the main type of propagation and implementation. Among 254 respondents, 77.16% (196/254) were familiar with the standard, 66.14% (168/254) understood the conditions for use of the standard during snail surveys, and 96.85% (246/254) had the approach for identifying snails. In addition, there were 41.73% (106/254), 50.78% (129/254) and 7.48% (19/254) of respondents that considered the operability of Survey of oncomelanid snails (WS/T 563-2017) was very good, good and general, respectively. The findings demonstrate that the issue and implementation of Survey of oncomelanid snails (WS/T 563-2017) has filled the gap for the standardization of snail control techniques, and which plays an importang guiding role in the national schistosomiasis control program.
［摘要］ 为了解《钉螺调查》 (WS/T 563—2017) 在血吸虫病流行区实施情况, 选取四川省和安徽省流行县作为调查现场, 分层选取省、市、县 (区) 及乡 (镇) 四级疾病预防控制中心或寄生虫病防治所、医疗机构的专业技术人员作为调查对象, 采 用问卷调查与访谈相结合的方式对《钉螺调查》 (WS/T 563—2017) 知晓率、使用率、培训宣贯率、答题正确率等进行调查。累计发放问卷270份, 回收269份, 有效问卷254份。《钉螺调查》 (WS/T 563—2017) 知晓率达84.64% (215/254); 在《钉螺 调查》 (WS/T 563—2017) 实施后, 有23.28% (17/73) 的单位未进行过宣贯, 主要的宣贯方式包括会议培训和发放宣传资 料。254名调查对象中, 有77.16% (196/254) 熟悉该标准, 66.14% (168/254) 在钉螺调查过程中清楚各项调查法使用场景, 96.85% (246/254) 掌握钉螺鉴别方法。认为《钉螺调查》 (WS/T 563—2017) 操作性很好、较好、一般的调查对象人数比例 分别为41.73% (106/254)、50.78% (129/254) 和7.48% (19/254)。结果表明, 《钉螺调查》 (WS/T 563—2017) 的颁布及实施 填补了行业内对钉螺控制技术标准化的空白, 在血吸虫病防治中发挥了重要的规范作用。.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of taeniasis and cysticercosis among residents in Tibetan agricultural areas of Sichuan Province, so as to provide insights for the prevention and control of taeniasis and cysticercosis.
METHODS: From 2016 to 2022, Kangding City, Daocheng County, Derong County, Ruoergai County and Muli Tibetan Autonomous County were sampled from Tibetan agricultural areas of Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture and Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan Province, and 1 to 6 townships were sampled from each county (district), followed by 4 to 7 villages sampled from each township. Primary school children were sampled using a cluster sampling method, and permanent residents at ages of over 16 years were randomly sampled from each village. Participants\' demographics, history of tapeworm excretion during the past year and clinical symptoms and signs of cysticercosis were collected through questionnaire surveys, and participants\' stool and venous blood samples were collected. Taenia eggs were detected in stool samples using the direct smear method, and deworming was performed among taeniasis patients with areca nut-squash seeds. The tapeworm species were identified using a multiplex PCR assay, and serum specific IgG antibody against cysticercus was detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
RESULTS: A total of 5 249 respondents participated in the questionnaire survey, including 603 respondents (11.5%) with a self-reported history of proglottids secretion during the past year. A total of 3 976 residents were subjected to stool examinations, and the detection of Taenia eggs was 6.5%. Of 258 participants undergoing deworming, there were 403 cases (94.2%) with excretions of Taenia worms or proglottids. The mean prevalence of taeniasis was 10.9% (439/4 043), and there were gender-, age- and region-specific prevalence rates of taeniasis (χ2 = 36.73, 126.31 and 163.41, all P values < 0.05). Multiplex PCR assays detected 41 cases with T. solium infections (12.5%), 197 cases with T. saginata infections (59.9%) and 91 cases with T. asiatica infections (27.6%) among 329 patients undergoing deworming, and there were region-specific prevalence rates of T. solium, T. saginata and T. asiatica infections (χ2 = 45.39, P < 0.05). In addition, the sero-prevalence of anti-cysticercus IgG antibody was 7.0% (345/4 933), and there were age- and region-specific sero-prevalence rates of anti-cysticercus IgG antibody (χ2 = 13.49 and 51.76, both P values < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: Multiple Taenia species are prevalent in Tibetan agricultural areas of Sichuan Province and the sero-prevalence of anti-cysticercus antibody is high among residents. Monitoring and control of taeniasis and cysticercosis should be strengthened.
［摘要］ 目的 了解四川省藏族农区带绦虫病及囊尾蚴病流行特征, 为两种疾病防治提供科学依据。方法 2016—2022年在四川省甘孜藏族自治州、阿坝藏族羌族自治州、凉山彝族自治州藏族农区, 分别抽取康定市、稻城县、得荣县、若尔盖县和木里藏族自治县5个县 (市), 每县 (市) 调查1~6个乡 (镇)、每个乡 (镇) 调查4~7个村, 整群抽取各村小学阶 段儿童、随机抽取16周岁以上常住村民开展调查。同时通过问卷调查收集调查对象基本信息及近1年排绦史和囊尾蚴 病相关临床症状、体征, 并采集其粪便及静脉血样。采用直接涂片法检测粪便中带绦虫卵, 采用槟榔和南瓜籽进行诊断 性治疗, 对排出的虫体样本采用多重PCR法鉴定带绦虫虫种, 采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测患者血清抗囊尾蚴特异性IgG 抗体。结果 共有5 249名调查对象参与问卷调查, 其中603人 (11.5%) 自述近1年内有排节片史。共粪检3 976人, 检 出带绦虫虫卵阳性258人, 阳性率为6.5%。对428人开展诊断性治疗, 403例 (94.2%) 驱出虫体或节片。粪便检查和诊断 性治疗共检出带绦虫病患者439例, 带绦虫病平均患病率为10.9% (439/4 043)。不同性别、年龄、地区调查对象带绦虫病 患病率差异均有统计学意义 (χ2 = 36.73、126.31、163.41, P 均< 0.05)。对329例驱绦治疗者体内获得的虫体进行多重 PCR检测, 其中猪带绦虫感染41例 (12.5%)、牛带绦虫感染197例 (59.9%)、亚洲带绦虫感染91例 (27.6%), 不同虫种感染 者地区分布差异有统计学意义 (χ2 = 45.39, P < 0.05)。共有4 933人行血清抗囊尾蚴特异性IgG抗体检测, 其中阳性345 例, 抗体阳性率为7.0%; 不同年龄、地区调查对象血清抗囊尾蚴IgG 抗体阳性率差异均有统计学意义 (χ2 = 13.49、51.76, P 均< 0.05)。结论 四川省藏族农区存在多种带绦虫感染, 人群血清抗囊尾蚴IgG抗体阳性率较高, 应加强监测 和防治。.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of newly reported advanced schistosomiasis cases in Sichuan Province, so as to provide the evidence for analyzing the causes and formulating targeted control measures of newly reported advanced schistosomiasis cases.
METHODS: Individual case investigation forms for advanced schistosomiasis cases were collected from the Sichuan Provincial Epidemic Annual Report System from 2011 to 2022, and patients\' demographics, previous medical history and liver parenchymal grading were retrieved. All advanced schistosomiasis cases\' medical records were reviewed, and the subtypes of schistosomiasis-endemic villages where the cases\' household registration were, floating population, survival and death and time of death were collected.
RESULTS: A total of 321 newly reported advanced schistosomiasis cases were found in Sichuan Province from 2011 to 2022, with a male to female ratio of 0.99 to 1. There were 274 cases at ages of over 50 years (85.4%), with the highest proportion seen at ages of 60 to 69 years (87 cases, 27.1%), and splenomegaly was the most common type (180 cases, 56.1%), with no dwarfism type detected. The highest number of cases was reported in 2011 (78 cases), followed by in 2022 (74 cases), and the highest number of cases were reported in Meishan City (199 cases, 62.0%), Dongpo District (131 cases, 40.8%), and hilly subtype areas (136 cases, 42.4%). As of the end of 2022, there were 111 deaths due to advanced schistosomiasis, with the highest number of deaths seen in 2018 (25 deaths), and the highest mortality was seen among patients with the ascites type (41.2%). There were 47 (37.3%), 40 (59.5%) and 4 (23.5%) cases with grade III liver parenchyma among patients with splenomegaly, ascites, and colonic proliferation types, respectively, and there was a significant difference in the grading of III liver parenchyma among three types of patients (H = 12.092, P < 0.05), with more severe liver parenchyma injuries seen among patients with the ascites type than among those with splenomegaly and colonic proliferation type (Z = 24.262 and 44.738, both Padjusted values < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: There have been newly reported advanced schistosomiasis cases in Sichuan Province during recent years, and patients with the ascites type should be given a high priority among advanced schistosomiasis cases in Sichuan Province. Intensified clue surveys are needed for early identification and treatment of advanced schistosomiasis cases, so as to increase the survival rate and improve the quality of life.
［摘要］ 目的 分析四川省新报告晚期血吸虫病 (晚血) 病例流行病学和临床特征, 为分析新发晚血成因、制定有针对性 的防治措施提供依据。方法 收集2011—2022年四川省疫情年报系统中的晚血病例个案调查表, 获取病例个人基本信 息、既往病史、肝实质分级情况; 通过查阅晚血病例资料, 获取病例户籍所在流行村流行亚型、是否为流动人口、存活及死 亡情况、死亡时间等, 并进行描述性统计分析。结果 2011—2022年四川省累计新报告晚血病例共321例, 男女比例为 0.99:1; 274例 (85.4%) 年龄> 50岁, 以60~69岁组占比最高 (87例, 27.1%); 病例类型以巨脾型最多 (180例, 56.1%), 无侏 儒型病例; 2011年报告病例数最多 (78例), 其次为2022年 (74例)。2011—2022年报告晚血病例数最多的市 (州)、县 (区) 分别为眉山市 (199例, 62.0%) 和东坡区 (131例, 40.8%), 报告病例数最多的流行亚型为丘陵亚型地区 (136例, 42.4%)。截至2022年底, 321例晚血病例中有111例死亡, 其中2018年死亡人数最多 (25例), 腹水型病例死亡率最高 (41.2%)。巨脾型、腹水型、结肠增殖型病例中, 肝实质分级为Ⅲ级的病例数分别为47 (37.3%)、40 (59.5%)、4例 (23.5%), 3种类型晚血病例肝实质分级严重程度差异有统计学意义 (H = 12.092, P < 0.05), 腹水型晚血病例肝实质分级较巨脾型 和结肠增殖型病例严重 (Z = 24.262、44.738, P校正均< 0.05)。结论 近年来, 四川省每年仍有新报告晚血病例, 腹水型病 例是四川省晚血病例救治重点。应加强对重点人群的线索调查, 及早发现、治疗晚血病例, 提高其存活率和生命质量。.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of comprehensive echinococcosis control measures with emphasis on management of infectious source in Sichuan Province from 2010 to 2022, so as to provide insights into formulation of future control interventions.
METHODS: Data pertaining to comprehensive echinococcosis control measures with emphasis on management of infectious source and echinococcosis surveillance in Sichuan Province from 2010 to 2022 were collected. The effectiveness of comprehensive echinococcosis control measures with emphasis on management of infectious source was evaluated with prevalence of human echinococcosis, detection of newly diagnosed echinococcosis patients, prevalence of Echinococcus infection in domestic dogs, prevalence of cystic echinococcosis in livestock, prevalence of alveolar echinococcosis in small mammals and awareness of echinococcosis control knowledge, and Spearman\'s rank correlation analysis.
RESULTS: The prevalence of human echinococcosis reduced from 1.08% in 2010 to 0.40% in 2022 in Sichuan Province (χ2 = 1 482.97, P < 0.05), with a reduction from 0.30% to 0.02% in the detection of newly diagnosed echinococcosis cases (χ2 = 2 776.41, P < 0.05), a reduction from 15.87% to 0.46% in the prevalence of Echinococcus infection in domestic dogs (χ2 = 20 823.96, P < 0.05), a reduction from 8.05% to 1.07% in the prevalence of cystic echinococcosis in livestock (χ2 = 1 296.02, P < 0.05), and the awareness of echinococcosis control knowledge increased from 50.65% to 95.24% (χ2 = 34 938.63, P < 0.05); in addition, there was a year-specific prevalence rate of alveolar echinococcosis in small mammals (χ2 = 164.07, P < 0.05). Spearman\'s rank correlation analysis revealed that the detection of newly diagnosed echinococcosis cases correlated positively with the prevalence of Echinococcus infections in domestic dogs (rs = 0.823, P < 0.05) and the prevalence of cystic echinococcosis in livestock (rs = 0.795, P < 0.05), and correlated negatively with the awareness of echinococcosis control knowledge (rs = - 0.918, P < 0.05), and the prevalence of Echinococcus infection in domestic dogs correlated positively with the prevalence of cystic echinococcosis in livestock (rs = 0.753, P < 0.05) and negatively with the awareness of echinococcosis control knowledge (rs = -0.747, P < 0.05); however, there was no correlation between the prevalence of Echinococcus infections in domestic dogs and the prevalence of alveolar echinococcosis in small mammals (rs = -0.750, P > 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: The comprehensive echinococcosis control measures with emphasis on management of infectious source had achieved remarkable effectiveness in Sichuan Province; however, the transmission chain of echinococcosis has not been interrupted. Reinforced comprehensive echinococcosis control measures with emphasis on management of infectious source and sustained tracking evaluation of the effectiveness are recommended in Sichuan Province.
［摘要］ 目的 评价2010—2022年四川省以传染源控制为主的棘球蚴病综合防治措施实施效果, 从而为制定下一步防 控措施提供参考。方法 收集2010—2022年四川省以传染源控制为主的棘球蚴病综合防治措施和棘球蚴病监测数据, 以人群棘球蚴病患病率、新发现棘球蚴病患者检出率、家犬棘球绦虫感染率、家畜细粒棘球蚴病患病率、小型哺乳动物多 房棘球蚴病患病率、人群棘球蚴病防治知识知晓率为指标, 并采用Spearman等级相关进行相关性分析, 评价以传染源控 制为主的棘球蚴病综合防治措施实施效果。结果 2010—2022年, 四川省人群棘球蚴患病率从1.08%下降至0.40% (χ2 = 1 482.97, P < 0.05), 新发现棘球蚴病患者检出率从0.30%下降至0.02% (χ2 = 2 776.41, P < 0.05), 家犬棘球绦虫感 染率从15.87%下降至0.46% (χ2 = 20 823.96, P < 0.05), 家畜细粒棘球蚴病患病率从8.05%下降至1.07% (χ2 = 1 296.02, P < 0.05), 人群棘球蚴病防治知识知晓率从50.65%提高至95.24% (χ2 = 34 938.63, P < 0.05), 不同年份小型哺乳动物多 房棘球蚴病患病率差异有统计学意义 (χ2 = 164.07, P < 0.05)。Spearman等级相关分析显示, 新发现棘球蚴病患者检出率 与家犬棘球绦虫感染率 (rs = 0.823, P < 0.05) 及家畜细粒棘球蚴病患病率呈正相关 (rs = 0.795, P < 0.05), 与人群棘球蚴病 防治知识知晓率呈负相关 (rs = − 0.918, P < 0.05); 家犬棘球绦虫感染率与家畜细粒棘球蚴病患病率呈正相关 (rs = 0.753, P < 0.05), 与人群棘球蚴病防治知识知晓率呈负相关 (rs = −0.747, P < 0.05), 与小型哺乳动物多房棘球蚴病患病率无相关 性 (rs= −0.750, P > 0.05)。结论 四川省以传染源控制为主的棘球蚴病综合防治措施取得了显著成效, 但传播环节仍未 有效阻断; 需继续强化以传染源控制为主的棘球蚴病综合防治措施, 并持续跟踪评价防治措施效果。.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the distribution of malaria vector Anopheles in Sichuan Province from 2011 to 2021, so as to provide the scientific evidence for improving the surveillance of malaria vector Anopheles and preventing re-establishment of imported malaria in Sichuan Province.
METHODS: The density and species of Anopheles mosquitoes were investigated using human-bait trapping and light trapping techniques in malaria vector surveillance sites of Sichuan Province from 2011 to 2021. The number, population and density of captured Anopheles mosquitoes were collected and descriptively analyzed, and the geographical distribution map of malaria vectors was plotted using the software ArcGIS 10.7 in Sichuan Province.
RESULTS: A total of 152 243 Anopheles mosquitoes were captured in malaria vector surveillance sites of Sichuan Province from 2011 to 2021, including 150 987 An. sinensis (99.18%) and 1 256 An. anthropophagus (0.82%), and no other Anopheles species were captured. The annual densities of An. sinensis and An. anthropophagus were 0.64 to 1.27 mosquitoes/(person-hour) and 0 to 0.07 mosquitoes/(person-hour) by the human-bait trapping technique, and 6.46 to 26.50 mosquitoes/(light-night) and 0 to 0.82 mosquitoes/(light-night) by the light trapping technique in malaria vector surveillance sites of Sichuan Province from 2011 to 2021. A relatively higher density of An. anthropophagus was seen in Renshou County, Jianyang City, Weiyuan County and Mabian Yi Autonomous County [> 0.40 mosquitoes/(person-hour)] by the human-bait trapping technique, and in Cuiping District and Gaoxian County in Yibin City [> 1.00 mosquito/(light-night)] by the light trapping technique in Sichuan Province from 2011 to 2018, with no An. anthropophagus captured from 2019 to 2021, and a relatively higher density of An. sinensis was detected in Emeishan City, Lushan County, Luojiang District, Tongchuan District and Zhaohua District [> 4.00 mosquitoes/(person-hour)] by the human-bait trapping technique, and in Huili County, Yuexi County, Dechang County, Langzhong City, Pingchang County and Xuanhan County [> 40.00 mosquitoes/(light-night)] by the light trapping technique in Sichuan Province from 2011 to 2021.
CONCLUSIONS: Malaria vectors were still widespread in Sichuan Province from 2011 to 2021, and An. sinensis was the dominant species of malaria vectors. There is still a risk of local re-establishment of imported malaria in Sichuan Province, and it is needed to continue to improve the surveillance of imported malaria cases and malaria vectors.
［摘要］ 目的 分析2011—2021年四川省传疟媒介按蚊分布, 为进一步提高传疟媒介按蚊监测质量、制定防止输入性 疟疾再传播措施提供科学依据。方法 2011—2021年, 于四川省传疟媒介监测点分别采用人诱法和灯诱法开展按蚊密 度及种群调查, 对按蚊捕获数量、种群及密度等进行描述性统计分析, 采用ArcGIS 10.7软件绘制四川省传疟媒介分布 图。结果 2011—2021年, 四川省传疟媒介监测点累计捕获按蚊152 243只, 其中中华按蚊150 987只 (占99.18%)、嗜人 按蚊1 256只 (占0.82%), 未捕获其他按蚊。2011—2021年, 四川省传疟媒介监测点采用人诱法调查发现, 中华按蚊年密 度为0.64 ~ 1.27只/(人·h)、嗜人按蚊年密度为0 ~ 0.07只/(人·h); 采用灯诱法调查发现, 中华按蚊年密度为6.46 ~ 26.50 只/(灯·夜)、嗜人按蚊年密度为0 ~ 0.82只/(灯·夜)。2011—2018年采用人诱法调查发现, 仁寿县、简阳市、威远县和马边 彝族自治县嗜人按蚊密度较高[> 0.40只/(人·h)]; 采用灯诱法调查发现, 宜宾市翠屏区和高县嗜人按蚊密度较高[> 1.00 只/(灯·夜)]; 2019—2021年未捕获嗜人按蚊。2011—2021年采用人诱法调查发现, 峨眉山市、芦山县、罗江区、通川区和 昭化区等5个监测点中华按蚊密度较高[均> 4.00只/(人·h)]; 采用灯诱法调查发现, 会理县、越西县、德昌县、阆中市、平 昌县和宣汉县等6个监测点中华按蚊密度较高[均> 40.00只/(灯·夜)]。结论 2011—2021年, 四川省传疟媒介依然广 泛分布, 中华按蚊为传疟优势按蚊; 输入性疟疾引起本地再传播风险依然存在, 需持续加强四川省输入性疟疾病例及传 疟媒介监测工作。.

An ambitious goal has been set for elimination of schistosomiasis in all endemic counties (districts) in Sichuan Province by 2023. To achieve this goal, and to continue to consolidate the control achievements, it is necessary to understand the current endemic status of schistosomiasis, identify the challenges and analyze the experiences and lessons from the schistosomiasis control program, and develop targeted control strategies and interventions in the province. This paper reviews the progress of schistosomiasis control in Sichuan Province since the 12th Five-Year Plan period, analyzes the challenges in the schistosomiasis elimination program, and proposes recommendations for future directions and priorities.
［摘要］ 四川省计划于2023年底全省所有血吸虫病流行县 (市、区) 达到血吸虫病消除标准。要如期实现这一目标、持续巩固现 有防治成效, 必须把握当前血吸虫病疫情态势、充分认识新时期 防控形势与面临的挑战、总结已有成功经验与不足、科学制定防 治策略与措施。本文回顾总结了 “十二五” 以来四川省血吸虫病 防治进展, 分析了当前血吸虫病防控面临的挑战, 并就下一步工 作方向与重点提出建议。.

A new Chinese ant species Carebaralaevicepssp. nov. is described based on the major and minor workers. This species is most similar to C.lusciosa (Wheeler, 1928) due to a spineless propodeum, the absence of horns, and a smooth head capsule. It is distinguished by the following features: (1) antenna 10-segmented; (2) katepisternum rugose-reticulate; (3) in major workers, lateral sides of head in full-face view parallel; (4) metanotal groove distinct, anterodorsal corner forming an acute tooth behind metanotal groove. Moreover, an updated key to Chinese Carebara species is presented based on major workers, with a checklist comprising a total of 36 Chinese Carebara species and subspecies. Morphological structures and scanning electron micrographs of the newly discovered species\' minor and major workers are provided.

The Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus, is an important vector of chikungunya, dengue, yellow fever, and Zika viruses. Vector control remains an important means for the prevention and control of vector-borne diseases. The development of insecticide resistance has become a serious threat to the efficacy of insecticide-based control programs. To understand the resistance status and the underlying genetic mechanism in mosquitoes in Guangyuan City of Sichuan Province, China, we investigated the susceptibility of Ae. albopictus to four commonly used insecticides. We found that all the examined populations were susceptible to malathion and propoxur. However, Ae. albopictus populations in Guangyuan showed a possible resistance to the two tested pyrethroids (beta-cypermethrin and deltamethrin). Notably, phenotypic resistance to deltamethrin was detected in 2 of the 7 populations. The potential of resistance to pyrethroids was confirmed by the presence of knockdown resistance (kdr) related mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel. Four kdr mutations (V1016G, I1532T, F1534L, and F1534S) were identified to be present alone or in combination, and their distribution displayed significant spatial heterogeneity. These findings are helpful for making evidence-based mosquito control strategies and highlight the need to regularly monitor the dynamics of pyrethroid resistance in this city.