UNASSIGNED: The purpose of this article is to highlight that oral Kaposi\'s disease can be indicative of a high viral load of HIV, either in the case of primary infection or therapeutic failure.
UNASSIGNED: We report two cases of Kaposi Disease associated with HIV. The first case was a 30-year-old patient who unaware of her HIV-positive status, and who was diagnosed with AIDS stage because of the biopsy revealed a gingival location of Kaposi disease. The second case was a 34-year-old patient who was referred to our department with a history of palatal lesion and claimed at first having no previous known medical conditions although his overall health condition seemed deteriorated. Our clinical examination was evocative of Kaposi Disease, which was confirmed by an emergency blood assessment and histological examination. Our diagnosis led us to disclose the HIV-positive status of the patient and identify a progression to the AIDS stage, which allowed us to reintroduce the patient in the hospital framework. This case emphasizes the role of the oral surgeon as a key actor thanks to their knowledge of the clinical buccal manifestations of sexually transmitted infections (STI), in an era of resurgence of those conditions in vulnerable key populations.

UNASSIGNED: Stunting can be prevented by early detection when the mother is pregnant. Early detection can be carried out by looking for risk factors of stunting during pregnancy so that interventions can be early detected. This study aims to assess complications during pregnancy (disease and infection) and risk factors associated with stunting.
UNASSIGNED: The type of research was observational analytic with a case-control design on 450 mothers who were selected with simple random sampling (150 mothers who have stunting babies aged 0-2 months and 300 mothers who have not stunting babies aged 0-2 months in Malang Regency, Indonesia. This study used secondary data by looking at medical records, namely, laboratory examinations in the mother\'s book and cohort records at the public health center. This study was conducted from December 2021 to August 2022. Bivariate analysis with Chi-square and multivariate logistic regression was carried out to determine the variables that most influenced the incidence of stunting.
UNASSIGNED: The results of multivariate analysis with logistic regression of maternal complications during pregnancy, which are a risk as a factor causing stunting, are Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) (Odds Ratio [OR]: 6.36; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 2.97-13.62), coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) accompanied by pneumonia (OR: 5.12; 95% CI: 1.87-14.052), human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) (OR: 4.63; 95% CI: 1.10-19.59), hepatitis B (OR: 3.97; 95% CI: 1.253-12.565), pre-eclampsia (OR: 3.88; 95% CI: 1.81-8.30), and heart disease (OR: 3.373; 95% CI: 0.99-11.40).
UNASSIGNED: After recognizing the maternal factors that cause stunting, intervention should immediately be carried out on pregnant women with diseases (pre-eclampsia and heart disease) and infections (STI, COVID-19 + pneumonia, HIV/AIDS, and hepatitis B) to prevent stunting early.

UNASSIGNED: With recent increases in syphilis, there is growing interest in expanding screening; however, treatment rates have historically been low.
UNASSIGNED: This study examines demographic and clinical factors that may contribute to non-completion of syphilis treatment.
UNASSIGNED: This is a retrospective comparative cohort study of all patients with syphilis from January through November 2018 at an urban, tertiary care hospital.
UNASSIGNED: Demographics and clinical information were extracted from the electronic medical record. Descriptive statistics and odds ratios (ORs) were calculated.
UNASSIGNED: Of 171 patients with syphilis, 89 (52.0%) completed treatment. Patients ages 40-49 were least likely to complete treatment (OR 0.14; 95% CI 0.03-0.72, p = 0.02) compared to those ages 18-24. Non-heterosexual patients were significantly more likely to complete treatment (OR 3.60; 95% CI 1.13-11.49, p = 0.03) compared to heterosexual patients. Patients diagnosed in the emergency department completed treatment at the lowest rate.
UNASSIGNED: A major gap in syphilis treatment still exists, which must be addressed to achieve optimal impact from syphilis screening programs.
Demographic and clinical factors associated with risk for not completing treatment among patients with syphilis Rates of syphilis, a common sexually transmitted infection, have been steadily increasing in the United States, now at their highest in decades. Left untreated, syphilis can lead to major health complications, and in pregnant women can cause abnormalities in newborn babies or stillbirth. To address this epidemic, screening programs are being developed to diagnose syphilis in vulnerable populations. However, screening without treatment is not an effective strategy, and historically syphilis treatment rates have been low. This is most likely because the treatment can require a lengthy antibiotic course and often several office visits. In this study, we looked back at the patients diagnosed with syphilis at our hospital for 11 months in 2018 to understand factors that might be associated with a risk of not completing treatment. In this sample, only slightly more than half of patients with syphilis completed treatment. We found that younger patients, patients who didn’t identify as heterosexual, and patients with private insurance were all more likely to complete syphilis treatment. We also found that patients diagnosed in the emergency department completed treatment at the lowest rates. These findings suggest some areas where new strategies can be developed to help support patients with syphilis to get treated. Only with sufficient treatment of patients with syphilis can we make progress on the growing syphilis epidemic.

BACKGROUND: Mobile Link is a mobile phone-based intervention to increase access to, and use of, health care services among female entertainment workers in Cambodia who face higher risks for specific diseases and gender-based violence. A multisite randomized controlled trial showed that Mobile Link connected female entertainment workers with outreach workers for information and escorted referrals after 6 months but did not lead to statistically significant improvements in HIV and sexually transmitted infection testing, contraceptive use, and condom use.
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to conduct a 3-part economic evaluation of Mobile Link to understand its costs, value, and affordability.
METHODS: We conducted cost, cost-effectiveness, and budget impact analyses of Mobile Link using cost and outcomes data from the Mobile Link trial and other sources. For the cost analysis, we estimated the total, per-person, and incremental costs of Mobile Link compared with usual care. Using probabilistic decision-analytic models, we estimated the 1-year cost-effectiveness of Mobile Link from payer and combined payer and patient perspectives by converting selected primary and secondary outcomes from the trial to disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) averted. Finally, we estimated the financial costs of scaling up Mobile Link\'s messaging and outreach services to 70% of female entertainment workers in 5 years.
RESULTS: The incremental costs of Mobile Link were US $199 from a payer perspective and US $195 per person from a combined payer and patient perspective. With an average of 0.018 (95% predicted interval -0.088 to 0.126) DALYs averted, Mobile Link\'s cost-effectiveness was US $10,955 per DALY from a payer perspective (US $10,755 per DALY averted from a payer and patient perspective). The costs of Mobile Link would have to decrease by 85%, or its effectiveness would have to be 5.56 times higher, for the intervention to meet the upper limit of recommended cost-effectiveness thresholds in Cambodia (US $1671 per DALY averted). The 5-year cost of scaling Mobile Link to 34,790 female entertainment workers was estimated at US $1.64 million or US $46 per person per year.
CONCLUSIONS: This study provided a comprehensive economic evaluation of Mobile Link. We found that Mobile Link is not likely to be cost-effective unless its costs decrease or its effectiveness increases. Scaling up Mobile Link to more female entertainment workers is estimated to cost less than the costs of the trial. Given the importance of linking female entertainment workers to essential services, future research should focus on enhancing the effectiveness of Mobile Link or developing new mobile health interventions for this population.
BACKGROUND: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03117842; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03117842.

UNASSIGNED: Sexual transmission among men who have sex with men (MSM) has become the major HIV transmission route. However, limited research has been conducted to investigate the association between transactional sex (TS) and HIV incidence in China.
UNASSIGNED: This study aims to investigate HIV incidence and distinguish sociodemographic and sexual behavioral risk factors associated with HIV incidence among MSM who engage in TS (MSM-TS) in China.
UNASSIGNED: We conducted a prospective cohort study using a WeChat-based platform to evaluate HIV incidence among Chinese MSM, including MSM-TS in Ningbo, recruited from July 2019 until June 2022. At each visit, participants completed a questionnaire and scheduled an appointment for HIV counseling and testing on the WeChat-based platform before undergoing offline HIV tests. HIV incidence density was calculated as the number of HIV seroconversions divided by person-years (PYs) of follow-up, and univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression was conducted to identify factors associated with HIV incidence.
UNASSIGNED: A total of 932 participants contributed 630.9 PYs of follow-up, and 25 HIV seroconversions were observed during the study period, resulting in an estimated HIV incidence of 4.0 (95% CI 2.7-5.8) per 100 PYs. The HIV incidence among MSM-TS was 18.4 (95% CI 8.7-34.7) per 100 PYs, which was significantly higher than the incidence of 3.2 (95% CI 2.1-5.0) per 100 PYs among MSM who do not engage in TS. After adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, factors associated with HIV acquisition were MSM-TS (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 3.93, 95% CI 1.29-11.93), having unprotected sex with men (aHR 10.35, 95% CI 2.25-47.69), and having multiple male sex partners (aHR 3.43, 95% CI 1.22-9.64) in the past 6 months.
UNASSIGNED: This study found a high incidence of HIV among MSM-TS in Ningbo, China. The risk factors associated with HIV incidence include TS, having unprotected sex with men, and having multiple male sex partners. These findings emphasize the need for developing targeted interventions and providing comprehensive medical care, HIV testing, and preexposure prophylaxis for MSM, particularly those who engage in TS.

Purpose: We explored the funding areas of Two-Spirit, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender (trans), queer or questioning, and intersex individuals (2S/LGBTQI)-specific health research funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) mentioned in the grant abstracts. Methods: We analyzed the publicly available database of grant abstracts funded by CIHR from 2009-2020 to examine what types of 2S/LGBTQI-specific health outcomes would be studied and in what populations. Results: We found that 58% of awarded grant abstracts mentioned studying sexually transmitted diseases, the majority of which was on human immunodeficiency virus. Of the funded 2S/LGBTQI grant abstracts that specified the gender of the population to be studied (n=23), less then 9% mentioned studying cisgender women. Almost 40% mentioned including trans women/girls, and 30% mentioned including trans men/boys. None of the studies examined mentioned work with the Two-Spirit community. Conclusion: These results reflect larger social and health inequities that require structural level changes in research to support the 2S/LGBTQI community.

This meta-analysis estimates sexually transmitted disease (STI) and HIV rates in male monkeypox patients during the 2022 outbreak. The study examines contextual factors that increase monkeypox risk. A systematic review of PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Google Scholar was conducted to find observational studies on monkeypox patients\' demographics and medical characteristics from the 2022 outbreak. This review\'s meta-analysis followed the System for the Unified Management, Assessment, and Review of Information - Joanna Briggs Institute (SUMARI JBI) guidelines. All HIV and STI prevalence data for male monkeypox patients was exported into the SUMARI JBI. For point prevalence of HIV and STIs, we used the Freeman-Tukey-type arcsine square root transformation to stabilize raw proportion variances. A fixed-effects model weighted and pooled all estimates by inverse variance. We then used a random model to account for sampling variation and reported fixed-effect model effect size heterogeneity across studies. Study heterogeneity was measured using the I2 test statistic and P-values. I2 test results were interpreted as low (25%), moderate (50%), and high (75%). Six Spanish and English studies qualified. These studies included 541 male monkeypox patients, 214 of whom had HIV and 255 with other STIs. HIV prevalence was estimated at 40% (95% CI = 0.31%, 0.50%; ᵡ2=15) and STIs at 43% (95% CI = 25%, 61%; ᵡ2=118). Overall, analyses showed moderate to high heterogeneity. Four in ten male monkeypox patients in 2022 had HIV or other STIs. To prevent HIV and other STIs, public health measures should target male and female monkeypox patients.

BACKGROUND: Gastroschisis is a congenital anomaly of the umbilical ring with increasing prevalence, especially amongst younger mothers. There is increasing evidence that exposure to genitourinary infections (GUTI) may play an important role in the etiology of gastroschisis. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to identify, appraise, and summarize the literature on exposure to GUTI and gastroschisis.
METHODS: Six electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library electronic databases, and Prospero) were searched using a comprehensive search strategy. Citations and cited articles for all included studies were searched. Peer-reviewed, quantitative studies reporting an association of urinary tract infections (UTI) and/or sexually transmitted infections (STI) with gastroschisis were included. Prospero registration CRD42022377420.
RESULTS: A total of 2392 papers were identified via the searches of which 15 met our inclusion criteria and were included after title and abstract and full text screening. The study period for included studies ranged from 1995 to 2016, most were from the USA. Four studies considering exposure to STIs and five to UTIs were eligible to progress to meta-analysis. Meta-analysis identified a significantly increased risk of gastroschisis in association with periconceptional exposure to UTI [OR 1.54 (95% CI 1.29, 1.8)], STI [OR 1.4 (95% CI 1.01, 1.79)].
CONCLUSIONS: Periconceptional exposure to GUTI is associated with an increased risk of gastroschisis. The prevention and timely treatment of GUTI amongst women of childbearing age may help to reduce the occurrence of gastroschisis.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the experiences of sexual health services available for adolescents aged 15-19 years on Reunion Island.
METHODS: A qualitative descriptive study was conducted from 3 December 2022 to 24 October 2023. Data were analysed using the phenomenological interpretative method.
METHODS: Centre Hospitalier Universitaire of Reunion Island.
METHODS: 15 participants were recruited through convenience sampling, but 3 of them did not attend the interviews.
METHODS: Face-to-face or videoconferencing open-ended individual interviews.
METHODS: Barriers and facilitators to access sexual health services, relationship between adolescents and healthcare professionals when using these services and suggestions made by adolescents for improving access to care and quality of care.
RESULTS: In total, 12 adolescents were included with most being female (11 with a mean age of 18 years). Most interviewees were in a relationship, lived in urban areas and had sexual intercourse (nine, respectively). Participants attended high school, university and preparatory college (four, respectively). Most interviews were face to face (11). The mean duration of the interviews was 32 min. Two themes revealing the experiences of sexual health services emerged. Participants described maintaining sexual health as a difficult journey in their quest for information about sexual health and the available services provided. Participants demonstrated that they had the ability to cope with the consequences of unprotected sex.
CONCLUSIONS: To date, sexual health services available on Reunion Island may not meet the needs of adolescents. Implementation of a strategy aimed at providing young people with skills, addressing their needs and working with them in a collaborative manner may be necessary. Appropriate teaching methods and the training of healthcare professionals should also be considered.

Encounters for infertility care are opportunities to assess and update immunization status. Individuals of reproductive age are often unaware of their need for immunization, their immunization status, and the potentially severe consequences of preventable disease on pregnancy outcome. The purpose of this American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) Practice Committee document is to summarize current recommendations regarding vaccinations for individuals of reproductive age. This document replaces the ASRM Practice Committee document titled \"Vaccination guidelines for female infertility patients,\" last published in 2018 (Fertil Steril 2018;110:838-41).