乌贼,乌贼,具有生长迅速、抗病性强的特点,使其成为中国东南沿海地区重要的商业养殖头足类物种。然而,在法老链球菌的生殖过程中,有一些挑战,例如鸡蛋产量低,质量差,和低存活率的新孵化的青少年。因此,迫切需要研究该物种卵巢发育的分子机制。在这项研究中,我们在四个发育阶段对卵巢进行了第一次转录组学分析:未发育阶段,发展阶段,接近成熟阶段,和成熟阶段,并使用Illumina测序技术比较了这四个阶段之间的转录组学。四个阶段的清洁读取的总数范围为40,890,772至52,055,714个读取。总共获得了136,829个DEG,原始数据的GC基比在38.44和44.59%之间,唯一映射读取的数量从88.08%到95.90%。皮尔逊相关系数表明,同一组不同样本之间存在很强的相关性,PCA和Anosim分析也表明,这四个阶段的分组是可行的,每个阶段都可以与其他阶段区分开来。GO富集分析表明,卵泡生长,性别分化,和转化生长因子β受体,在卵巢发育早期起到了预示作用,以及小分子代谢过程的术语,肽代谢过程,在成熟阶段催化活性突出。同时,KEGG分析显示,沙棘的早期卵巢发育主要与细胞周期有关,DNA复制,和碳代谢,而中晚期卵巢发育与信号转导有关,内分泌系统,和繁殖途径。RT-qPCR进一步证实了17β-HSD等基因的一致表达模式,GH,VGS,NFR,和NYR在S.pharaonis的卵巢中,在成熟期表现出升高的表达水平。相反,ER和OM在卵巢发育的早期阶段表现出高表达水平。这些转录组数据提供了对S.pharaonis卵巢发育的分子机制的见解。这项研究的发现将有助于改善墨鱼的繁殖和发育,丰富头足类动物的生物信息学知识。
The cuttlefish,
Sepia pharaonis, is characterized by rapid growth and strong disease resistance, making it an important commercially farmed cephalopod species in the southeastern coastal regions of China. However, in the reproductive process of S. pharaonis, there are challenges such as a low output of eggs, poor quality, and low survival rates of newly hatched juveniles. Therefore, there is an urgent need to study the molecular mechanisms underlying ovarian development in this species. In this study, we conducted the first transcriptomic analysis of the ovary at four developmental stages: the undeveloped stage, developing stage, nearly-ripe stage, and ripe stage, and compared the transcriptomics among these four stages using Illumina sequencing technology. The total numbers of clean reads of the four stages ranged from 40,890,772 to 52,055,714 reads. A total of 136,829 DEGs were obtained, GC base ratios of raw data were between 38.44 and 44.59%, and the number of uniquely mapped reads spanned from 88.08 to 95.90%. The Pearson correlation coefficient demonstrated a strong correlation among different samples within the same group, PCA and Anosim analysis also revealed that the grouping of these four stages was feasible, and each stage could be distinguished from the others. GO enrichment analysis demonstrated that ovarian follicle growth, sex differentiation, and transforming growth factor beta receptor, played a foreshadowing role at the early ovarian development stage, and the terms of small molecule metabolic process, peptide metabolic process, and catalytic activity were prominent at the mature stage. Meanwhile, KEGG analysis showed that the early ovarian development of S. pharaonis was mainly associated with the cell cycle, DNA replication, and carbon metabolism, while the mid-late ovarian development was involved with the signal transduction, endocrine system, and reproduction pathway. RT-qPCR further confirmed the consistent expression patterns of genes such as 17β-HSD, GH, VGS, NFR, and NYR in the ovaries of S. pharaonis, exhibiting elevated levels of expression during the maturation stage. Conversely, ER and OM exhibited high expression levels during the early stages of ovarian development. These transcriptomic data provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of S. pharaonis ovarian development. The findings of this study will contribute to improving the reproduction and development of cuttlefish and enriching the bioinformatics knowledge of cephalopods.